Routledge Revivals
Society and Politics in Wilhelmine Germany
In the search for the causes of the First World War and the origins of Hitlers Third Reich, the attention of historians has turned increasingly towards the development of German society under Kaiser Wilhelm II.
These ten essays, first published in 1978, introduced interpretations of Wilhelmine Germany to an English-speaking audience and contributed towards the discussion of these interpretations that were taking place amongst German historians.
This book is ideal for student of history, particularly German history.
First published in 1978
by Croom Helm Ltd
This edition first published in 2015 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
1978 Richard J. Evans
The right of Richard J. Evans to be identified as editor of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.
A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 77014764
ISBN 13: 978-1-138-84215-1 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-315-73178-0 (ebk)
1978 Richard J. Evans
Croom Helm Ltd, 2-10 St Johns Road, London SW11
ISBN 0-85664-347-5
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Society and politics in Wilhelmine Germany.
1. Germany Politics and government
1888-1918 2. Germany Social conditions
I. Evans, Richard John
301.5920943 JN3388
ISBN 0-85664-347-5
Published in the USA 1978 by
Harper & Row Publishers Inc.
Barnes & Noble Import Division
ISBN 0-06-492036-4
LC 77-014746
Printed in Great Britain by
Biddles Ltd, Guildford, Surrey
Contents
Richard J. Evans
Terry Cole
Richard Owen
Robin Lenman
Geoff Eley
Ian Farr
David Blackbourn
Richard J. Evans
Stephen Hickey
Alex Hall
Dick Geary
ABDF | Archiv des Bundes Deutscher Frauenvereine (Deutsches Zentralinstitut fr Soziale Fragen, Berlin-Dahlem) |
AEG | Allgemeine Elektrizitts-Gesellschaft |
AFA | Allgemeiner Freier Angestelltenbund |
AStAM | Allgemeines Staatsarchiv Mnchen (Bayerisches Haupstaatsarchiv, Allgemeine Abteilung) |
BA | Bundesarchiv (Koblenz) |
BA-MA | Bundesarchiv-Militrarchiv (Freiburg) |
Bg | Bamberg |
BDF | Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine |
BdL | Bund der Landwirte |
DMV | Deutscher Metallarbeiterverband |
DMZ | Deutsche Metallarbeiterzeitung |
DNVP | Deutschnationale Volkspartei |
FAH | Familien-Archiv Hgel (Krupp) |
Gedag | Gesamtverband deutscher Angestelltengewerkschaften |
GHH | Historisches Archiv der Gutehoffnungshtte |
GLA | Badisches Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe |
GStA | Geheimes Staatsarchiv (Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Mnchen, Geheime Abteilung) |
HA | Historisches Archiv (der Stadt Kln) |
Hbg | Hamburg |
HLA | Helene-Lange-Archiv (Deutsches Zentralinstitut fr Soziale Fragen, Berlin-Dahlem) |
HStA | Hauptstaatsarchiv |
IGBE | Industriegewerkschaft Bergbau und Energie (Bergbau-Archiv, Bochum) |
INO | Imperial Navy Office |
IZF | Institut fr Zeitungsforschung (Dortmund) |
KPD | Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands |
LB | Landesbibliothek |
MInn | Ministerium des Innern |
Nbg | Neuburg |
PA | Politisches Archiv des Auswrtigen Amts, Bonn |
RMA | Reichsmarineamt |
RT | Stenographische Berichte ber die Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags |
SA | Stadtarchiv |
SAA | Stadtarchiv Augsburg |
SAB | Stadtarchiv Bochum (Acta des Kniglichen Landrathsamtes) |
SAN | Stadtarchiv Nrnberg |
SPD | Socialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands |
StA | Staatsarchiv |
StAA | Staatsarchiv Arnberg |
StA Bg | Staatsarchiv Bamberg |
StA Hbg | Staatsarchiv Hamburg |
StAL | Staatsarchiv Landshut |
StAM | Staatsarchiv Mnchen |
StAN | Staatsarchiv Nrnberg |
StA Nbg | Staatsarchiv Neuburg |
StAW | Staatsarchiv Wrzburg |
USPD | Unabhngige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands |
VdKdAbg | Stenographische Berichte ber die Verhandlungen der bayerischen Kammer der Abgeordneten |
WA | Werkarchiv (Krupp) |
WWA | Westflisches Wirtschaftsarchiv (Dortmund) |
ZSA | Zentrales Staatsarchiv |
Introduction: Wilhelm IIs Germany and the Historians
Richard J. Evans
I
The ten original essays collected in this book have all been specially written for the occasion and are published here for the first time. The authors are all British historians of the younger generation. It is hoped that the contributions in this volume will give some indication of the wealth and diversity of scholarly research now being carried out in Britain on the history of Germany between 1888 and 1918. All the authors have worked extensively on primary sources in German archives. Their essays make use of unpublished documentary material in East and West Germany to cast new light on many aspects of Wilhelmine politics and society, both familiar and unfamiliar. The contributions are arranged by topic along a political continuum starting with problems of government and moving from the right wing through political movements in the middle peasant populism, political Catholicism, liberalism to Trade Unionism and Social Democracy, ending with a study of militancy and revolution on the far left. Alternatively, the sequence of essays can be viewed in terms of a descent down the social scale, beginning with the Kaiser and the Chancellor and progressing through the industrialists, administrators and intelligentsia via the urban and rural petty-bourgeoisie to the workers on the shop-floor and down the mines, taking in other social groups such as women and youth en route. In this way, the book as a whole tries to give the reader some impression of the range of political opinions and social groups which existed in the German Empire between the end of the 1880s and the beginning of the 1920s.