Kevin Hutchings - Transatlantic Upper Canada

TRANSATLANTIC UPPER CANADA

MCGILL-QUEENS TRANSATLANTIC STUDIES

Series editors: Alan Dobson, Robert Hendershot, and Steve Marsh

The McGill-Queens Transatlantic Studies series, in partnership with the Transatlantic Studies Association, provides a focal point for scholarship examining and interrogating the rich cultural, political, social, and economic connections between nations, organizations, and networks that border the Atlantic Ocean. The series combines traditional disciplinary studies with innovative interdisciplinary work, stimulating debate about and engagement with a field of transatlantic studies broadly defined to capture a breadth and richness of scholarship. Books in the series focus on but are not limited to the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, normally falling within the subfields of history, economics, politics and international relations, literature, and cultural studies.

1 Not like Home
American Visitors to Britain in the 1950s
Michael John Law

2 Transatlantic Upper Canada
Portraits in Literature, Land, and British-Indigenous Relations
Kevin Hutchings

Transatlantic Upper Canada

Portraits in Literature, Land,
and British-Indigenous Relations

KEVIN HUTCHINGS

McGill-Queens University Press
Montreal & Kingston London Chicago

McGill-Queens University Press 2020

ISBN 978-0-2280-0128-7 (cloth)

ISBN 978-0-2280-0129-4 (paper)

ISBN 978-0-2280-0265-9 (e PDF )

ISBN 978-0-2280-0266-6 (e PUB )

Legal deposit third quarter 2020

Bibliothque nationale du Qubec

Printed in Canada on acid-free paper that is 100% ancient forest free (100% post-consumer recycled), processed chlorine free

This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

We acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts.

Nous remercions le Conseil des arts du Canada de son soutien.

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Title: Transatlantic Upper Canada: portraits in literature, land, and British-Indigenous relations / Kevin Hutchings.

Names: Hutchings, Kevin (Kevin Douglas), 1960 author.

Description: Series statement: McGill-Queens transatlantic studies; 2 | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20200218891 | Canadiana (ebook) 20200219324 | ISBN 9780228001294 (paper) |
ISBN 9780228001287 (cloth) | ISBN 9780228002659 (e PDF ) |
ISBN 9780228002666 (e PUB )

Subjects: LCSH : Canadian literature Ontario 19th century History and criticism. | LCSH : Canadian literature Indian authors History and criticism. | LCSH : Romanticism. | LCSH : Ecology in literature. | LCSH : Environmentalism in literature. | LCSH : Ontario Environmental conditions. | LCSH : Ontario RelationsGreat Britain. | LCSH : Great Britain Relations Ontario. | LCSH : Great Britain Colonies America.

Classification: LCC PS 8111 . H 88 2020 | DDC 809/.89713 dc23

This book was typeset by Marquis Interscript.

To the memory of Mary Joseph, Norval Morrisseau,
and Dwight D. Pinay

Contents

Acknowledgments

I thank the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada ( SSHRC ) for supporting this research by funding a Standard Research Grant (200912) and a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Literature, Culture and Environmental Studies (201013). I also thank the Office of Research at the University of Northern British Columbia for providing me with time, funding, and moral support throughout the course of my research. Without such generous assistance, this book would not have been written.

I am grateful to Alan Ojiig Corbiere for generously sharing his knowledge of Anishinaabe history, culture, and language, and for bringing the narratives of Louis Solomon and Jean Baptiste Sylvestre (see chapter 5) to my attention. I also owe a debt of gratitude to Tim Fulford of De Montfort University for teaching me much about the relationship between Romanticism and Native American culture during our work as co-editors of Native Americans and Anglo-American Culture 17501850: The Indian Atlantic (2009).

I thank the UNBC student research assistants who helped me during the various stages of this ten-year project: Dustin Batty, Blake Bouchard, Crystal Campbell, Derrick Denholm, Amanda Dinnes, Janet Grafton, Jordan Kinder, David Landry, Josh Massey, Charity Matthews, Shay Shortt, Matthew Slykhuis, Meghan Sterling, and Carly Stewart.

Thanks are also due to the many colleagues, friends, and associates who informed and inspired me along the way, including Esther Bertram, Alan Bewell, Ted Binnema, Grahame Davies, Michael Demson, Ray Eagle, Sophie Edwards, Michelle Faubert, Gail Fondahl, Kurt Fosso, Judyta Frodyma, Marilyn Gaull, Terry Gifford, Nick Groom, Samantha Harvey, Douglas Kneale, Mark Lussier, Susan Manning, James McKusick, John Miller, Susan Oliver, Joel Pace, Diana Parkin, Geoffrey Payne, Kate Rigby, Nicholas Roe, Caroline Rosenthal, Kathy Shaw, Donald Smith, Jonathan Swainger, Iain Thornber, Louise Westling, and Virve Wiland.

I am deeply grateful to the two anonymous peer reviewers whose detailed recommendations for revision helped me to strengthen and contextualize this books arguments and insights; and I am thankful for Eleanor Gaspariks eagle-eyed copy-editing of the manuscript. I am grateful as well to my long-time editor, Philip Cercone, with whom I have been fortunate to work since the early days of my academic career. This is the third monograph I have published with MQUP ; my continuing loyalty to the press is a testament to the high quality of MQUP s work and the individualized support and encouragement that Philip and the MQUP staff have always given me.

Research for this book was undertaken at the following archives and libraries: Archives of Ontario at York University, Canada; British Library, London, UK; Walter C. Koerner Library and Irving K. Barber Learning Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, Trinity College Library (John W. Graham Library), and Robarts Library at the University of Toronto; Toronto Reference Library (Toronto Public Library); Geoffrey R. Weller Library, University of Northern British Columbia; University of Glasgow Library Archives and Special Collections; Goethe- und Schiller-Archiv, Weimar, Germany; John Murray Archive and National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK; Ojibwe Cultural Foundation, MChigeeng First Nation, Ontario; and Woodland Cultural Centre Research Library, Six Nations, Brantford, Ontario. My thanks to the librarians, archivists, and staff at each of these institutions for their helpful assistance. I also thank my students at UNBC especially those who have taken my courses in Romantic, environmental, and postcolonial literatures, as well as the graduate students who have taken my seminar on Transatlantic Upper Canada for helping me to hone my ideas during classroom discussions and debates.

I presented early versions and portions of the arguments that form the basis of this book at conferences of the Association of Canadian College and University Teachers of English ( ACCUTE ); the US and UK-Ireland affiliate organizations of the Association for the Study of Literature and Environment ( ASLE ); International Conference on Romanticism ( ICR ); North American Society for the Study of Romanticism ( NASSR ); Native Studies Research Network, UK; Pacific Ancient and Modern Language Association ( PAMLA ); the Reading Animals Conference, University of Sheffield English Animal Studies (2014); and the Transatlantic Studies Association ( TSA ). I am thankful to colleagues in these organizations for providing venues for the presentation of my research, and for offering encouragement and advice that helped me to revise and polish my work.