The Islamic Challenge
and the United States
The Islamic Challenge
and the United States
Global Security in an Age
of Uncertainty
EHSAN M. AHRARI
with
SHARON LEYLAND AHRARI
McGill-Queens University Press
Montreal & Kingston London Chicago
McGill-Queens University Press 2017
ISBN 978-0-7735-4816-9 (cloth)
ISBN 978-0-7735-4835-0 (ePDF)
ISBN 978-0-7735-4836-7 (ePUB)
Legal deposit first quarter 2017
Bibliotheque nationale du Quebec
Printed in Canada on acid-free paper that is 100% ancient forest free (100% post-consumer recycled), processed chlorine free
McGill-Queens University Press acknowledges the support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for our publishing activities.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Ahrari, Mohammed E., author
The Islamic challenge and the United States: global security in an age of uncertainty / Ehsan M. Ahrari.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-0-7735-4816-9 (cloth). ISBN 978-0-7735-4835-0 (ePDF). ISBN 978-0-7735-4836-7 (ePUB)
1. Islamic fundamentalism. 2. Islam 21st century. 3. Jihad. 4. Terrorism Religious aspects Islam. 5. War Religious aspects Islam. 6. IS (Organization). 7. Security, International. 8. United States Foreign relations Middle East. 9. Middle East Foreign relations United States. I. Title.
BP166.14.F85A472017 | 297.72 | C2016-905567-1 |
C2016-905568-X |
This book was typeset by Marquis Interscript.
To my loving elder brother, Aziz, for his constant encouragement.
To my adoring sister, Khadija, for her unconditional love and prayers.
To my wonderful wife, Sharon, for her persistent work on this book and, above all, for her love.
With endless love and gratitude
Contents
Tables
Abbreviations
AfPak | Afghanistan-Pakistan |
AIPAC | American-Israel Political Action Committee |
AQAP | Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula |
AQI | Al-Qaida in Iraq |
AQIM | Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb |
AQIP | Al-Qaida in Pakistan |
ATC | Anti-Terrorism Centre |
AUMF | Authorization to Use Military Force |
BMD | ballistic missile defense |
BSA | Basic Security Agreement |
CENTCOM | Central Command |
CIA | Central Intelligence Agency |
CIS | Commonwealth of Independent States |
CJTF | Combined Joint Task Force |
COIN | counterinsurgency |
CPA | Coalition Provisional Authority |
CRRF | Collective Rapid Reaction Force |
CSIS | Center for Strategic and International Studies |
CSTO | Collective Security Treaty Organization |
DIA | Defense Intelligence Agency |
ETIM | Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement |
EU | European Union |
FATA | Federally Administered Tribal Areas |
FBI | Federal Bureau of Investigation |
GCC | Gulf Cooperation Council |
GDP | gross domestic product |
GWOT | global war on terrorism |
HOR | House of Representatives |
HT | Hizb ut-Tahrir (Islamic Liberation Movement) |
HUA | Harakat-ul-Ansar |
HUJI | Harakat ul-Jihad al-Islami |
HUM | Harakat-ul-Mujahedeen |
ICBM | intercontinental ballistic missile |
IDF | Israel Defense Forces |
IED | improvised explosive device |
IGC | Iraqi Governing Council |
ILSA | Iran-Libya Sanctions Act |
IMT | Islamic Movement of Turkestan |
IMU | Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan |
IRGC | Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps |
IRP | Islamic Renaissance Party |
IRPT | Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan |
IS | Islamic State |
ISA | Iran Sanctions Act |
ISAF | International Security Assistance Force |
ISG | Iraq Study Group |
ISI | Inter-Services Intelligence |
ISI | Islamic State of Iraq |
ISIL | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant |
ISIS | Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham |
JCPOA | Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action |
JI | Jamaat-e-Islami |
JUI | Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam |
JUM | Jamiat-ul-Ulama of Pakistan |
JUP | Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Pakistan |
K2 | Karshi-Khanabad |
LeT | Lashkar-e-Taiba |
LTTE | Tamil Tigers |
NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
NGO | nongovernmental organization |
NWFP | North-West Frontier Province |
OAPEC | Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries |
OBOR | One Belt, One Road |
OEF | Operation Enduring Freedom |
OIC | Organisation of the Islamic Congress |
OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries |
Pak-Afghan | Pakistan-Afghanistan |
PLO | Palestine Liberation Organization |
PNA | Pakistan National Alliance |
PPP | Pakistan Peoples Party |
PRC | Peoples Republic of China |
Q | Qaid |
RAW | Research and Analysis Wing |
SCO | Shanghai Cooperation Organization |
SF | Special Forces |
SLV | satellite launch vehicle |
SOFA | status of forces agreement |
SSP | Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan |
TNSM | Tehrik-e-Nifaz-Shariat-e-Mohammadi |