Lansford - Afghanistan at War: from the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century

Afghanistan at War

Afghanistan at War

FROM THE 18TH-CENTURY DURRANI DYNASTY
TO THE 21ST CENTURY

Tom Lansford, Editor

Copyright 2017 by ABC-CLIO, LLC

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Lansford, Tom, editor.

Title: Afghanistan at war : from the 18th-century Durrani dynasty to the
21st century / Tom Lansford, editor.

Description: Santa Barbara, California : ABC-CLIO, 2017. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016032800 (print) | LCCN 2016034497 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781598847598 (alk. paper) | ISBN 9781598847604 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: AfghanistanHistory, Military.

Classification: LCC DS356 .A327 2017 (print) | LCC DS356 (ebook) |
DDC 355.0209581/03dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016032800

ISBN: 978-1-59884-759-8

EISBN: 978-1-59884-760-4

21 20 19 18 17 1 2 3 4 5

This book is also available as an eBook.

ABC-CLIO

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ABC-CLIO, LLC

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This book is printed on acid-free paper

Manufactured in the United States of America

Contents

Guide to Related Topics

Battles and Military Campaigns

Afghanistan, Border Disputes

Afghan-Pakistani Border Raids (2002)

Ali Masjid, Battle of (1878)

Arghandab, Battle of (1987)

Damghan, Battle of (1729)

Dargai Heights, Battle of (1897)

Gandamak, Battle of (1842)

Ghazni, Battle of (1839)

Gulnabad, Battle of (1722)

Hazara Uprisings (18881901)

Herat, Siege of (18371838)

Herat, Uprising (1979)

Jalalabad, Battle of (1989)

Jalalabad, Siege of (1842)

Jamrud, Battle of (1837)

Kabul, Retreat from (1842)

Kabul, Siege of (1996)

Kandahar, Battle of (1880)

Khost, Sieges of (19801989)

Khost Rebellion (19241925)

Maiwand, Battle of (1880)

Marja, Battle of (2010)

Panipat, Battle of (1761)

Panjdeh Crisis (1885)

Panjshir Campaigns (19801985)

Peiwar Kotal, Battle of (1878)

Qala-i-Jangi, Battle of (2001)

Saragarhi, Battle of (1897)

Saur Revolution (19781979)

Sherpur, Battle of (1879)

Takur Ghar, Battle of (2002)

Tirah Campaign (18971898)

Tora Bora, Battle of (2001)

Urgun, Siege of (19831984)

Wanat, Battle of (2008)

Zhawar, Battles of (19851986)

Economic Development and Nation Building

Civil Military Operations

Civilian Casualties

Deobandi School

Helmand Valley Project

Nation Building and Economic Development in Afghanistan (2001)

Opium Poppy Production

Empires

Durrani Empire (17471826)

Hotaki Empire (17091738)

Maratha Empire (16741818)

Mughal Empire (15261857)

Raj, British (18581947)

Ethnic Groups

Afghanistan, Ethnic Groups

Afridi (Khyberee) Tribe

Barakzai

Ghilzai

Hazaras

Mohmand Campaigns

Pashtunization

Pashtuns (Pushtuns)

Popalzai

Qizil-Bash

Geography

Afghanistan, Climate and Geography

Bolan Pass

Durand Line

Helmand Valley

Jagdalak Pass

Khyber Pass

Shutargardan Pass

Governmental and International Organizations

Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission

Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Harkay ul-Mujahideen (HuM)

Humanitarian Aid Operations

Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) Directorate of Pakistan

International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)

Loya Jirga

Nongovernmental Organizations and Private Volunteer Organizations

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

United Nations Assistance Mission for Afghanistan

Ideologies and Philosophies

Afghanistan, Nationalism

Great Game, The

Pashtunwali (Pukhtunwali)

Raj, British (18581947)

Individuals

Military Leaders

Auchinleck, Sir Claude

Blood, General Sir Bindon

Browne, Sir Samuel (Sam)

Chamberlain, Sir Neville Bowles

Elphinstone, William George Keith

Franks, Tommy

Gromov, Boris

Haqqani, Jalaluddin

Lockhart, Sir William

Massoud, Ahmed Shah

McChrystal, Stanley

McNeill, Dan K.

Nott, Sir William

Petraeus, David

Pollock, Sir George

Richards, Sir David

Roberts, Sir Abraham

Roberts, Sir Frederick Sleigh (Lord)

Rodionov, Igor

Roos-Keppel, George Olaf

Rutskoi, Alexander

Sale, Sir Robert Henry (Fighting Bob)

Sokolov, Sergey

Stewart, Sir Donald

Political Leaders, Officials, Diplomats, and Warlords

Auckland, Sir George Eden, Earl of

Avitabile, Paolo

Barno, David W.

Bearden, Milton

Berntsen, Gary

Bin Laden, Osama

Brzezinski, Zbigniew

Burnes, Sir Alexander (Sekundar)

Cavagnari, Major Sir Pierre L. N.

Cordovez, Diego

Dobbins, James

Dostum, Abdul Rashid

Dubs, Adolf Spike

Durand, Sir Henry Mortimer

Elphinstone, Mountstuart

Gailani, Pir Sayyid Ahmad

Gates, Robert Michael

Gromyko, Andrei

Gul, Hamid

Gulabzoy, Sayyed Mohammad

Haig, Alexander

Haq, Abdul

Harlan, Josiah

Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin

Kabulov, Zamir

Kazemi, Syed Mustafa

Khalis, Mohammad Yunus

Khan, Jan Mohammed

Khan, Khan Abdul Ghaffar

Khan, Mir Masjidi

Khan, Mohammad Akbar

Khan, Mohammad Ismail

Khyber, Mir Akbar

Lytton, Edward Robert Bulwer, First Earl of Lytton

Macnaghten, Sir William Hay

Mazari, Abdul Ali

Metcalfe, Charles

Mohan Lal

Mohaqeq, Mohammed

Mojaddedi, Sibghatullah

Moorcroft, William

Muhsini, Ayatollah Asef

Nadiri, Sayyid Mansur

Nur, Atta Mohammad

Omar, Mullah Mohammed

Pottinger, Eldred

Pottinger, Sir Henry

Rabbani, Mullah Muhammed

Rumsfeld, Donald

Saidullah (Mullah Mastun)

Sale, Florentia

Sayaf, Abdurab Rasul

Schroen, Gary

Shah, Mullah Ahmed

Shevardnadze, Eduard

Shultz, George

Stoddart, Charles

Tanai, Shahnawaz

Tarzi, Mahmud

Tarzi, Soraya

Tomsen, Peter

Ustinov, Dmitry Fedorovich

Varennikov, Valentin

Vitkevich, Ivan Viktorovich

Warburton, Sir Robert

Wardak, Abdul Rahim

Wilson, Charles Nesbitt

Yazov, Dmitry Timofeyevich

Zawahiri, Ayman al

Rulers and Monarchs

Amin, Hafizullah

Andropov, Yuri

Bhutto, Benazir

Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali

Blair, Tony

Brezhnev, Leonid

Bush, George H. W.

Bush, George W.

Carter, Jimmy

Chernenko, Konstantin

Churchill, Sir Winston

Clinton, Bill

Disraeli, Benjamin

Dost Mohammad

Durrani, Ahmad Shah

Durrani, Mahmud Shah

Durrani, Shuja Shah

Durrani, Timur Shah

Durrani, Zaman Shah

Ghani, Mohammad Ashraf

Gorbachev, Mikhail

Hotak, Mir Wais

Kalakani, Habibullah (Bacha-i Saqao)

Karmal, Babrak

Karzai, Hamid

Khan, Abdur Rahman

Khan, Amanullah

Khan, Habibullah