Andrew Heywood - Global Politics

andrew heywoodglobal politicssecond edition palgrave foundations Global Politics Palgrave Foundations SeriesA series of introductory texts across a widerange of subject areas to meet the needs oftodays lecturers and students Foundations texts provide complete yet concise coverage of core topics and skills based on detailed research of course requirements suitable for both independent study and class use the firm foundation for future study. PublishedA History of English Literature (third edition) BiologyBritish Politics (second edition) Chemistry (fourth edition) Communication StudiesContemporary Europe (third edition) Economics for BusinessEuropean Union PoliticsFoundations of MarketingGlobal Politics (second edition) Modern British HistoryNineteenth-Century BritainPhilosophyPhysics (third editon) Politics (fourth edition) Theatre StudiesGlobal PoliticsSecond Edition A N D R E W H E Y W O O D Andrew Heywood 2011, 2014 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

First edition 2011 Second edition 2014 Published by PALGRAVE Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martins Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave is the global imprint of the above companies and is represented throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-137-34926-2 ISBN 978-1-137-34927-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-34927-9 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. For Oliver, Freya, Dominic and TobyBrief Contents 1 Introducing Global Politics 1 2 Historical Context 25 3 Theories of Global Politics 54 4 The Economy in a Global Age 86 5 The State and Foreign Policy in a Global Age 115 6 Society in a Global Age 140 7 The Nation in a Global Age 161 8 Identity, Culture and Challenges to the West 185 9 Power and Twenty-First-Century World Order 216 10 War and Peace 246 11 Nuclear Proliferation and Disarmament 270 12 Terrorism 289 13 Human Rights and Humanitarian Intervention 310 14 International Law 338 15 Poverty and Development 359 16 Global Environmental Issues 390 17 Gender in Global Politics 419 18 International Organization and the United Nations 439 19 Global Governance and the Bretton Woods System 461 20 Regionalism and Global Politics 487 21 Why Theory Matters 514 22 Images of the Global Future 533 vii ContentsList of Illustrative Material xiv Rise of the West 27 Preface to the Second Edition xix Age of imperialism 28 Acknowledgements xxii THE SHORT TWENTIETH CENTURY:191490 29 1 Introducing Global Politics 1 Origins of World War I 29 Road to World War II 32 FROM THE INTERNATIONAL TO End of Empires 36 THE GLOBAL? 2 Rise and fall of the Cold War 38 From state-centrism to the mixed-actor THE WORLD SINCE 1990 44 model? 3 A new world order? 44 From independence to interdependence? 4 9/11 and the war on terror 45 From the domestic/international divide to Shifting balances within the global economy 51 transnationalism? 6 From international anarchy to global 3 Theories of Global Politics 54 governance? 7 GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS 8WHAT IS THEORY? 55 Explaining globalization 8 REALISM 56 Globalization: myth or reality? 9 State egoism and conflict 57 LENSES ON GLOBAL POLITICS 13 Statecraft and the national interest 60 Mainstream perspectives 13 Anarchy and its implications 61 Critical perspectives 15 Polarity, stability and the balance of power 63 CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN Assessing realism 64 GLOBAL POLITICS 16LIBERALISM 65 Power 17 Interdependence liberalism 66 Security 18 Republican liberalism 67 Justice 19 Liberal institutionalism 68 USING THIS BOOK 21 Assessing liberalism 70 CRITICAL APPROACHES 71 2 Historical Context 25 Marxism, neo-Marxism and critical theory 71 Constructivism 75 MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD 26 Poststructuralism 77 From ancient to modern 26 Feminism 78 ix x C O N T E N T S Green politics 79 New technology and information Postcolonialism 80 society 142 THINKING GLOBALLY 80 Risk, uncertainty and insecurity 145 Challenge of interconnectedness 80 GLOBALIZATION, CONSUMERISM Cosmopolitanism 83 AND THE INDIVIDUAL 149 Social and cultural implications of globalization 149 4 The Economy in a Global Age 86 Consumerism goes global 150 CAPITALISM AND NEOLIBERALISM 87 Rise of individualism 00 Capitalisms of the world 87 GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY 154 Triumph of neoliberalism 93 Explaining global civil society 154 Implications of neoliberalism 95 Transnational social movements and NGOs 156 ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION 97 Globalization from below? 159 Causes of economic globalization 97 How globalized is economic life? 100 GLOBAL CAPITALISM IN CRISIS 104 7 The Nation in a Global Age 161 Explaining booms and slumps 104 Lessons of the Great Crash 106 NATIONALISM AND WORLD POLITICS 162 Modern crises and contagions 107 Making sense of nationalism 162 The 200709 global financial crisis and A world of nation-states 165 its implications 108 Nationalism, war and conflict 169 NATIONS IN AN AGE OF MIGRATION 171 5 The State and Foreign Policy A world on the move 172 in a Global Age 115 Transnational communities and diasporas 174 STATES AND STATEHOOD IN FLUX 116 Economic impact of migration 176 States and sovereignty 116 NATIONALISM REVIVED 179 The state and globalization 118 National self-assertion in the post State transformation 122 Cold War period 179 Return of the state 126 Rise of cultural and ethnic nationalism 180 NATIONAL GOVERNMENT TO Anti-globalization nationalism 182 MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE 129 From government to governance 129 Multi-level governance 131 8 Identity, Culture and FOREIGN POLICY 133 Challenges to the West 185 End of foreign policy? 133 How decisions are made 134 RISE OF IDENTITY POLITICS 186 Westernization as modernization 186 Politics of collective identity 187 6 Society in a Global Age 140 Multiculturalism and hybridity 191 SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS: THICK Is cultural conflict inevitable? 193 TO THIN? 141RELIGIOUS REVIVALISM 195 From industrialization to post Religion and politics 195 industrialism 141 The fundamentalist upsurge 198