David Barker - OCR A Level Geography Third Edition

The teaching content of this resource is endorsed by OCR for use with specification AS Level Geography (H081) and specification A Level Geography (H481). In order to gain OCR endorsement, this resource has been reviewed against OCRs endorsement criteria.

This resource was designed using the most up to date information from the specification. Specifications are updated over time which means there may be contradictions between the resource and the specification, therefore please use the information on the latest specification and Sample Assessment Materials at all times when ensuring students are fully prepared for their assessment.

Any references to assessment and/or assessment preparation are the publishers interpretation of the specification requirements and are not endorsed by OCR. OCR recommends that teachers consider using a range of teaching and learning resources in preparing learners for assessment, based on their own professional judgement for their students needs. OCR has not paid for the production of this resource, nor does OCR receive any royalties from its sale. For more information about the endorsement process, please visit the OCR website, www.ocr.org.uk

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ISBN: 978 1 3983 1257 9
eISBN: 978 1 3983 1234 0

Michael Raw, David Barker, Chris Broadbent, Helen Harris, Andy Palmer, Peter Stiff, Nigel Yates

First published in 2021 by

Hodder Education,

An Hachette UK Company

Carmelite House

50 Victoria Embankment

London EC4Y 0DZ

www.hoddereducation.co.uk

Impression number 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Year 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021

All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or held within any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, www.cla.co.uk .

Cover photo: Romolo Tavani- stock.adobe.com

Illustrations by Aptara, Inc. and Barking Dog Art

Typeset in India by Aptara, Inc.

Printed in Slovenia

A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.

This textbook has been written specifically to support the OCR A Level Geography specification, introduced for first teaching in September 2016. It is the outcome of close collaboration between OCR, Hodder Education and a small team of specialist writers. The writing team between them have extensive experience of teaching OCR A Level Geography and have published widely. They bring a unique insight into the resources that students and teachers need to support the new examination. The book has been designed as a comprehensive resource and should give confidence, particularly in those topics which are new to A Level Geography. However, at the same time, we also appreciate the need to encourage students to read and research beyond the limits of the book itself.

The textbook has a number of exceptional features. As well as providing detailed and up-to-date information on the content of the A Level specification, it is lavishly illustrated with case studies, charts,