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Grace Elizabeth Hale - Cool Town

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Grace Elizabeth Hale Cool Town
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Contents
COOL TOWN COOL TOWN How Athens Georgia Launched Alternative Music and - photo 1

COOL TOWN

COOL TOWN

How Athens, Georgia, Launched Alternative Music and Changed American Culture

Grace Elizabeth Hale

THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS

Chapel Hill

This book was published under the Marcie Cohen Ferris and William R. Ferris Imprint of the University of North Carolina Press.

2020 Grace Elizabeth Hale

All rights reserved

Designed by Jamison Cockerham
Set in Arno, Biro, Blackout, and Cooper by Tseng Information Systems, Inc.

Jacket photograph by Kelly Bugden.

Manufactured in the United States of America

The University of North Carolina Press has been a member of the Green Press Initiative since 2003.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

Names: Hale, Grace Elizabeth, author.

Title: Cool town : how Athens, Georgia, launched alternative music and changed American culture / Grace Elizabeth Hale.

Description: Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press, [2020] | Includes index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2019035107 | ISBN 9781469654874 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781469654881 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Alternative rock musicSocial aspectsGeorgiaAthensHistory20th century. | Alternative rock musicGeorgiaAthensHistory and criticism. | BohemianismGeorgiaAthensHistory20th century. | Youth, WhiteGeorgiaAthensHistory20th century. | Nineteen eighties.

Classification: LCC ML3918.R63 H33 2020 | DDC 306.4/84260975818dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019035107

epigraph: These Days. Lyrics and Music by William Thomas Berry, Peter Lawrence Buck, Michael E. Mills, and John Michael Stipe. Copyright 1986, Universal Tunes on behalf of Night Garden Music. Used by Permission. All Rights Reserved.

epigraph: Cool. Written and Performed by Pylon (Bewley / Briscoe Hay / Crowe / Lachowski). Copyright 1979, 2019, Pylon Music Two. Administered by BMG/Bumblebee. Used by Permission. All Rights Reserved.

epigraph: Carnival of Sorts (Box Cars). Lyrics and Music by William Thomas Berry, Peter Lawrence Buck, Michael E. Mills, and John Michael Stipe. Copyright 1982, Universal Tunes on behalf of Night Garden Music. Used by Permission. All Rights Reserved.

epigraph: Cant Get There from Here. Lyrics and Music by William Thomas Berry, Peter Lawrence Buck, Michael E. Mills, and John Michael Stipe. Copyright 1985, Universal Tunes on behalf of Night Garden Music. Used by Permission. All Rights Reserved.

epigraph: Brother. Lyrics and Music by Oh-OK. Copyright 1982, Oh-OK. Used by Permission. All Rights Reserved.

For Bill

Contents
Figures

COOL TOWN

INTRODUCTION
An Unlikely Bohemia

We are hope despite the times.

R.E.M., These Days (1986)

In Athens, Georgia, in the 1980s, if you were young and willing to live without much money, anything seemed possible. Magic sparkled like sweat on the skin of dancers at a party or a club. Promise winked underfoot like the bits of broken glass embedded in the downtown sidewalks. A new world seemed to be emerging out of our creativity, our music and art, and our politics, but also the way we understood ourselves and related to each other.

In my memory, the weight of the air on summer nights made possibility seem like a substance I could hold in my hand. Always, local bands played and people listenedat practice spaces and house parties and venues like the 40 Watt. People went to hear their roommate or boyfriend or coworker play one night and urged everyone to come and see their group the next. Easy to make and easy to hear, live music was everywhere. We used it to reinvent and express ourselves and connect with each other. We used it to live.

After the clubs let out, the scene kept moving until dawn. Small groups climbed the fences at apartment complexesno one would admit to living in oneand went skinny-dipping. Sometimes people walked to a big Victorian house on Hill Street and danced to mix-tapes in the hall between the rolled-back pocket doors until their clothes dripped with sweat and their heads spun. Occasionally, at midnight, a small drama troupe would perform an original play up and down the aisles of the twenty-four-hour Kroger. Film buffs too young to see movies like Sleeper, Raging Bull, and Paper Moon when they came out watched them for free in the air-conditioned quiet of the seventh floor of the University of Georgias library. Often, people paired up, going home with the person they were seeing or an acquaintance or someone they had just met. One perfect July night, I lay naked with a friend on the cool cement floor of a screen porch as the wet heat thinned and the crickets rasped and we talked about music until dawn. Possibility proved more addictive than the beer everyone drank and the drugs many people took.

W e were unlikely people in an unlikely place. No one expected us to do these creative things. No one who mattered thought that we could make a new kind of American bohemia. Yet Athens kids built the first important small-town American music scene and the key early site of what would become alternative or indie culture.

We had grown up anything but alternative. Home was a new version of the South created by desegregation, interstates, air-conditioning, and airports. Our parents had mostly enjoyed the rewards, a hard-earned success that had been knocked back in the last decade by the oil crisis, stagflation, and the Reagan recession. Our schools practiced a form of neglect that suggested racial integration was easy, feminism unnecessary, and gay sexuality nonexistent. None of that was true, of course, but white, middle-class kids often skated over the consequences.

On some vague level, we sensed that we were living in a changed and changing world, yet the adults around us seemed to be in denial, clinging to old ideas about life and work and community. The most visible alternative, the hippies and peace activists left over from an earlier generations counterculture, appeared to have degenerated into caricature. Reading books and music magazines and talking to older Athens artists and University of Georgia professors, we learned about creative communities in Paris and London and New York, places that had nurtured earlier rebels from the Beats and the jazz musicians and the abstract painters to the rockers and the drag queens and the punks. Some of us even got to know nearby folk artists and musicians, people who followed their own visions right here at home. We longed to send our yawp over the roofs of the world, too, to live for music and art and sex, to be daring and original and important. Why the hell not? We did not want to be rednecks or racists or conservative Christians or live in subdivisions or work as middle managers. We dreamed not of the Reagan-era Sunbelt but of a different world, a new, new, new South. And in the universitys libraries and archives and studios and galleries and concert halls and the towns old buildings, we found resources to try to make that world a reality.

The scene was our answer to what we understood as the failures and limits of our America. And our participation in this collective creativity transformed us. In my case, the scene took in an unhappy accounting major confused about politics and about six years later spit out a feminist and anti-racist scholar determined to live her life as art. Along the way, I waited tables and catered, made rugs and wall-hangings out of old clothes, took up painting and the cello, earned a masters degree in history, and cofounded and ran a local venue. When I left Athens to start a history PhD program elsewhere, I took that magical sense of possibility with me and used it to weather the perils of graduate school and the academic job market. My story was not unique. The scene changed everyone I knew. Middle-aged now, a historian and the mother of college kids myself, I can see how the things we learnedquestion the givens, find something to do that engages your passions, build community into whatever you do, and stop often for beauty and pleasureradically transformed the trajectory of our lives.

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