A N I N D I A N
P O L I T I C A L L I F E
Uttar Pradesh Administrative Set-up, 1985
Map not drawn to scale and does not represent authentic international boundaries.
THE POLITICS OF NORTHERN INDIA: 1937 TO 2007 VOLUME I
A N I N D I A N
P O L I T I C A L L I F E
Charan Singh and Congress Politics,
1937 to 1961
PAUL R. BRASS
Copyright Paul R. Brass, 2011
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
First published in 2011 by
Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd
B1/I 1, Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area
Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044, India
www.sagepub.in
Sage Publications Inc
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
Sage Publications Ltd
1 Olivers Yard
55 City Road
London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom
Sage Publications Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd
33 Pekin Street
#02-01 Far East Square
Singapore 048763
Published by Vivek Mehra for S age Publications India Pvt Ltd, typeset in 10/14 Adobe Garamond by Tantla Composition Pvt Ltd, Chandigarh and printed at Chaman Enterprises, New Delhi.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available
ePUB ISBN: 9788132106869
The SAGE Team: Rekha Natarajan, Aniruddha De, Rajib Chatterjee, and Deepti Sexena
Vivek Mehra, Managing Director and CEO,
SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
Bulk Sales
SAGE India offers special discounts for purchase of books in bulk. We also make available special imprints and excerpts from our books on demand.
For orders and enquiries, write to us at
Marketing Department
SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd
B1/I-1, Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area
Mathura Road, Post Bag 7
New Delhi 110044, India
E-mail us at
Get to know more about SAGE, be invited to SAGE events, get on our mailing list. Write today to
Contents
CHRONOLOGY OF PRINCIPAL EVENTS
IN THE LIFE OF CHARAN SINGH
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF MAPS
ACD | anti-corruption department |
AICC | All-India Congress Committee |
AICSP | All India Congress Socialist Party |
AZP | Antarim Zila Parishad |
BC/BCs | Backward Class/Backward Classes |
BKD | Bharatiya Kranti Dal |
BLD | Bharatiya Lok Dal |
CCC | City Congress Committee |
C.I.D./CID | Criminal Investigation Department |
CCS | Chaudhuri Charan Singh |
CM | chief minister |
DIG | deputy inspector-general |
DCC | District Congress Committee |
DM | district magistrate |
DMHS | Director of Medical and Health Services |
FBI | Federal Bureau of Investigation (US) |
FIR | first information report |
GDA | Ghaziabad Development Authority |
GOI | Government of India |
HMP | Honorable Minister for Police |
HYV | high-yielding variety |
IAS | Indian Administrative Service |
ICS | Indian Civil Service |
IGP | inspector general of police |
INA | Indian National Army |
INC | Indian National Congress |
INTUC | Indian National Trade Union Congress |
IRRI | International Rice Research Institute |
KMPP | Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |
MCC | Mandal Congress Committee or Meerut City Congress |
MLA/MLAs | member(s), legislative assembly |
MLC | member, legislative council |
MM | Mukhya Mantri (chief minister) |
MP | Member of Parliament |
OED | Oxford English Dictionary |
PA | personal assistant |
PAC | Provincial Armed Constabulary |
PCC | Pradesh/Provincial Congress Committee |
PLQR | permitlicensequota raj |
PS | personal secretary |
PSP | Praja Socialist Party |
RI | rigorous imprisonment |
Rs. | Rupees |
SAD (E) | Secretariat, Administration Department (Expenditure) |
SDO/SDOs | subdivisional officer(s) |
SEZ | Special Economic Zone |
SND | schedule of new demands |
SO | station officer |
SP | superintendent of police |
SP&S | superintendent, printing and stationary |
SSP | senior superintendent of police |
TDC | Tarai Development Corporation |
UP | Uttar Pradesh |
UPAU | Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University |
UPCC | Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee |
UPLAP | Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly proceedings |
UPPB | Uttar Pradesh Parliamentary Board |
UPPSP | Uttar Pradesh Praja Socialist Party |
UPSIDC | Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation |
UPZAA | Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition Act |
ZAA | Zamindari Abolition Act |
The project that begins with this volume attempts to straddle the conventional division between an individual biography and the history of an epoch. It has become so largely because the several archives on which it is based, described below, provide me the opportunity to do so. Those archives comprise the massive files of Charan Singh, my own interviews over half a century, and the available political historical literature on the period, much of it written by some of the leading intellects among the politicians of the period. While I could have confined these volumes (and reduced their size) by focusing exclusively on Charan Singh and his times, his own files provide so much more than his own personal history and reactions to the events of his time, that it would be missing a significant opportunity.