Abdolreza Ansari - The Shahs Iran - Rise and Fall: Conversations With an Insider

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Abdolreza Ansari was a rising figure in the politics of Iran from the 1950s to the Islamic Revolution. He has lived in Paris since 1978. The interviews for this book were conducted in Washington DC and Paris.

Among the myriad of familiar autobiographies, Abdolreza Ansaris personal contribution is particularly noteworthy because it is written with authority, care and frankness. Apart from this books authentic voice, the authors own wide-ranging knowledge and his account of events, there is also his use of language, which captures the flavour of those times; all these combine to enrich this study.

Dr Jamshid Amuzegar, former Prime Minister of Iran

Few individuals were as close to the heart of power in Pahlavi-era Iran as Abdolreza Ansari, who served the last Shah in several key functions. Rich in detail and anecdote, his memoir is essential reading for scholars of twentieth-century Iranian politics and history, and also for general readers who would like to learn more about the development of the Iranian state at a critical time in its history.

Andrew Scott Cooper, author of The Oil Kings

The Shahs Iran Rise and Fall

Conversations with an Insider

Abdolreza Ansari

Translated by Katayoon Ansari-Biglari

Published in 2017 by

I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd

London New York

www.ibtauris.com

Copyright 2017 Abdolreza Ansari

English translation copyright 2017 Katayoon Ansari-Biglari

The rights of Abdolreza Ansari and Katayoon Ansari-Biglari to be identified respectively as author and translator of this work have been asserted by the author and translator in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Every attempt has been made to gain permission for the use of the images in this book. Any omissions will be rectified in future editions.

References to websites were correct at the time of writing.

ISBN: 978 1 78453 632 9

eISBN: 978 1 78672 164 8

ePDF: 978 1 78673 164 7

A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

A full CIP record is available from the Library of Congress

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: available

Typeset by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NN

This book is dedicated to my dear wife Marianoush who has stayed by my side throughout this tumultuous life. Utterly selfless, she created a loving home for our children Nazenin, Katayoon, and Mohamad-Reza. Her encouragement and support in recording my experiences of over 2 years of service to my country was the impetus for this project.

This book is also in honour of the countless civil servants who worked diligently to modernise Iran, and whose lives came crashing down in the upheaval of the revolution.

Contents

List of Plates

Assadollah Alam, Prime Minister 19 July 1962 7 March 1964.

Dr Ali Amini, Prime Minister 6 May 1961 19 July 1962.

General Fazlollah Zahedi, Prime Minister 19 August 1953 7 April 1955.

Hossein Ala, Prime Minister 12 March 1951 30 April 1951 ; 7 April 1955 3 April 1957.

Hassan Ali Mansur, Prime Minister 7 March 1964 26 January 1965.

Dr Manouchehr Eghbal, Prime Minister 3 April 1957 31 August 1960.

Engineer Jafar Sharif-Emami, Prime Minister 27 August 1978 6 November 1978.

Dr Mohammad Mossadegh, Prime Minister 21 July 1952 19 August 1953.

Amir-Abbas Hoveyda, Prime Minister 26 January 1965 7 August 1977.

Dr Jamshid Amuzegar, Prime Minister 7 August 1977 27 August 1978.

Ardeshir Zahedi, Minister of Foreign Affairs / Ambassador to UK and USA.

Mahnaz Afkhami, Minister of State for Women and Family Affairs.

Group of friends at Utah State University. Left to right: Abdollah Mansour, Abdolreza Ansari, Amir Hossein Nakhaee, Mansour Esfandiari, Ardeshir Zahedi.

Utah State Soccer Champions. Hamid Naghsh-Tabrizi is receiving the trophy; Abdolreza Ansari is #45.

Abdolreza Ansari (second from left) with Karaj Agricultural College Faculty.

Celebrating the establishment of the IranUS Joint Fund for Economic Development. Left to right: Dr Mohammad Moghadam, Edith Warne, William E. Warne, Abdolreza Ansari, Dr Fakhreddin Shadman.

Left to right: Norman Paul, Loy W. Henderson, General Fazlollah Zahedi, William E. Warne.

Group of managers at Khuzestan Water and Power Authority, 19623. Left to right: Mansour Asgari, Ahmad Ali Ahmadi, Nader Hakimi, Afrasiab Bakhtiar, Ali Asghar Sherkat, Hassan Shahmirzadi, Morteza Nasser, Ali Asghar Ajdari, Mohamad-Javad Monshizadeh, Ahmad Kompani.

Inauguration of the Cane Sugar Project in Haft-Tappeh. Left to right: Ibrahim Mahdavi, Morteza Vakilzadeh, Abdolreza Ansari, Leo Anderson, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.

Ceremony to begin the pouring of cement for the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Dam (Dez Dam), 30 October 1961.

Abdolreza Ansari (centre) surrounded by the operators of Dez Dam.

Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Dam (Dez Dam).

Princess Ashraf Pahlavi (Bettmann / Getty Images).

Shahyad Monument in Tehran, built to commemorate 2,500 years of the founding of the Persian Empire.

Pasargad, Tomb of Cyrus the Great.

The Shah and Queen Farah greeting Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia and his wife.

Princess Grace of Monaco and Prince Rainier.

Queen Farah and Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia.

The Shah and Nicolai Podgorny, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, speaking through interpreters.

Period Iranian military formation marching in front of foreign and Iranian dignitaries on the steps of the Hall of Nations at Persepolis.

Replica of ancient Iranian vessel.

Replica of military tower.

Foreign and Iranian guests dining inside the grand tent at a state dinner.

The tents that housed heads of states at Persepolis during the 2,500-year celebrations.

Publishers Foreword

A bdolreza Ansari was a senior member of the elite which was attempting to manage Irans twentieth-century transition to modernity. In the event, the Western flavour of that transition proved both culturally and politically difficult for the country to absorb, resulting in discontent and eventual rejection when the 1979 Revolution upended the regime of the Shah and abolished the ancient institution of monarchy in Iran.

The decades leading up to 1979 saw the emergence of a new political class in Iran which was no longer beholden to the feudal and patronage-based tradition of power dispensation which had dominated the Iranian political scene for centuries. From the 1950s the conduct of politics and national administration shifted to a new elite of educated young men (with still precious few women among them) who emerged as a technocracy which had grasped the realities of mid-twentieth-century Iran: a country with an appalling recent history of failure and exploitation by outside powers, now bolstered by growing oil revenues and a growing educated consumer middle-class, was now in a position to throw off the stigma of poverty and a failed past, and to develop into a properly functioning modern state. These individuals, seeing the possibilities before them, were fuelled by two characteristics: a determination to make a go of pulling up their country by its bootstraps, now that it was possible; and a kind of patriotism which created a sense of duty. None of this is to say that their task was easy.

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