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First published 2001
Pearson Education Limited 2001
The rights of Sir William Nicoll and Trevor Salmon to be identified as authors of this Work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP
ISBN 0 130 20838 8
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
Typeset by 42 in Janson
Transferred to Digital Print on Demand 2012
Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
THIS TITLE is not a revised edition of our Understanding the European Communities or Understanding the New European Community. Listening to the feedback from our readers, we have changed the angle of approach to our subject, while preserving the features of which they approved. In brief, we have updated the account we give of the European Union to incorporate the changes introduced by the Inter-governmental Conference and the Treaty of Amsterdam and we have enlarged the analysis we make of the Communitys and Unions policies. It remains our aim to encourage reliance on the texts of treaties, which establish the components of the European Union, and to counteract misinformation about them.
To forestall disappointment, or contrariwise to encourage the readership, we need to explain that we have not set out to write a treatise on integration theory. There are textual references to theoretical underpinnings and to writings on theory in the notes and bibliography
The plan of this work is as follows:
examines the attitudes of the existing fifteen Member States of the European Union and explores some of the issues relating to the enlargement of that Union. There is also an Extended Glossary that seeks to give rather more detail on specific points and to note features not in the text.
By virtue of Article 12 of the Treaty of Amsterdam, which came into force on 1 May 1999, the articles of the Treaty on European Union and of the Treaty establishing the European Community are renumbered. We have used the new numbering throughout, with a reminder of the better known numbering of the older versions.
Most money values are given in ECUs, as they were originally presented. The sterling value of the ECU fluctuated, as has the value of the euro. There is no fixed /euro rate but in the first half of 1999 the euro was roughly equal to 6570 pence.
The signing off point for the book was the end of autumn 1999 and the nomination of the Prodi Commission.
We are grateful to the European Commission for permission to reproduce source material. We are also grateful to Liz Mackie of Aberdeen University European Documentation Centre and Janet Michaelsen for all the help provided.
Sir William Nicoll
Trevor C. Salmon
ACP Africa-Caribbean-Pacific
AG Advocate-General
BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
CAP Common Agriculture Policy
CCP Common Commercial Policy
CE Compulsory expenditure
CEEC/CCEE Countries of Eastern and Central Europe
CES Economic and Social Committee
CET Common External Tariff
CFI Court of First Instance
CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy
CFP Common Fisheries Policy
CJHA Co-operation on Justice and Home Affairs
CoR Committee of the Regions
Coreper Committee of Permanent Representatives
Coreu Corresponents europens (fax-line)
CU Customs Union
DG Director(ate) General
EAGGF European Agricultural Guarantee and Guidance Fund
EC European Community / ties
ECB European Central Bank
ECJ European Court of Justice
Ecofin Economic and Finance Council
Ecosoc Economic and Social Committee
ECSB European System of Central Banks
ECSC European Coal and Steel Community
ECU European Currency Unit
EDC European Defence Community
EEA European Economic Area
EEC European Economic Community
EFTA European Free Trade Area
EIB European Investment Bank
EMS European Monetary System
EMU Economic and Monetary Union
EP European Parliament
EPC European Political Co-operation
EPP European Peoples Party
ERDF European Regional Development Fund
ERM Exchange Rate Mechanism
ESC Economic and Social Committee
ESF European Social Fund
EU European Union
Euratom European Atomic Energy Community
Eurostat Commission Statistical Office
Euro-XI Council of EMU participants
Feoga French version of EAGGF
GAG General Affairs Group
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
IGC Inter-governmental Conference
JHA Justice and Home Affairs
K4 Co-ordinating Committee of CJHA
MCA Monetary Compensation Amounts
MEP Member of the European Parliament
MFN Most favoured nation
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
NCE Non-compulsory expenditure
NTB Non-Tariff Barrier
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OJ Official Journal
OOP Office for Official Publications
OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OSCE Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe
PDB Preliminary Draft Budget
Phare Assistance to CEECs
QMV Qualified Majority Vote/Voting
SEA Single European Act
SEM Single European Market
TAC Total Allowable Catch
TACIS Technical Assistance to Commonwealth of Independent States
TEN Trans-European Network
