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William Simonsen - Citizen Participation in Resource Allocation

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Book:
Citizen Participation in Resource Allocation
Author:
William Simonsen
Publisher:
Routledge
Genre:
Books / Politics
Year:
2018
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Citizen Participation in Resource Allocation

Urban Policy Challenges

Terry Nichols Clark, Series Editor

Cities are critical. From the Los Angeles riots of 1992 to the Hong Kong reversion of 1997, cities represent in microcosm the problems and potentials we face at all governmental levels.

Focusing on cities can help clarify our most challenging issues. Most key decisions affecting our lives are made locally. Although national governments collect the majority of funds, most welfare state programs around the world are provided by local governments. Urban leaders play key roles in encouraging economic development, maintaining quality public services, and mandating reasonable taxes.

And they are pressed to do more: provide attractive physical environments, improve amenities such as bike paths, help encourage recycling, assist disadvantaged groups to achieve broader acceptance and access to public facilities, keep streets safe, and fill the gaps in health and social services.

Books in the Urban Policy Challenges series will explore the range of urban policy problems and will detail solutions that have been sought and implemented in cities from around the world. They will build on studies of leadership, public management, organizational culture, community power, intergovernmental relations, public finance, citizen responsiveness, and related elements of urban public decision making.

These approaches to urban challenges will range from case studies to quantitative modeling. The series will include monographs and texts, as well as edited volumes. Although some works will target professional and student audiences, many books will elicit attention from thoughtful public leaders and informed citizens as well.

BOOKS IN THE SERIES

Citizen Participation in Resource Allocation , William Simonsen and Mark D. Robbins

Local Parties in Political and Organizational Perspective , Martin Saiz and Hans Geser

The New Political Culture , edited by Terry Nichols Clark and Vincent Hoffman-Martinot

Citizen Politics in Post-Industrial Societies , edited by Terry Nichols Clark and Michael Rempel

Plutocracy and Politics in New York City , Gabriel A. Almond

Urban Policy Challenges

First published 2000 by Westview Press

Published 2018 by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Simonsen, William, 1957

Citizen participation in resource allocation / William Simonsen, Mark D. Robbins.

p. cm.(Urban policy challenges)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8133-6840-5 (hc.)ISBN 0-8133-6824-3 (pbk.)

1. BudgetUnited StatesCitizen participation. 2. Government spending policy

United StatesCitizen participation. 3. Political participationUnited States. I. Robbins,

Mark D. II. Title. III. Series.

99-044626

HJ2051.S4941999

336.390973dc21

ISBN 13: 978-0-8133-6824-5 (pbk)

Contents

Guide

Figures

Tables

As with any project that goes through many reincarnations and revisions, this book represents the contributions of many persons in addition to ourselves. We wish to thank Bas Denters, Lawrence Rose, and Pat Ingraham for their helpful comments on early portions of this book. We would also like to thank Edward C. Weeks, who codesigned the surveys that we analyze in . We deeply appreciate the help and support of Terry Clark, editor of this series. Last but far from least, we greatly appreciate the support of our wives, Robin Rhoades and Doreen Simonsen. Rick, Becky, and Nicole Simonsen also provided great inspiration.

William Simonsen and Mark D. Robbins

T his book is about public participation, citizen surveys, and government decision making. The book spotlights two very important areas where there is a lack of current research. First, it provides an overview and synthesis of state-of-the-art techniques for involving citizens in decision making. Second, this book provides a set of analyses of three innovative surveys of Eugene, Oregon, residents. We hope to contribute some interesting social science research while at the same time providing a guide for government officials.

Much attention has been given to creating processes by which citizens can be reengaged in government priority setting. This has come in large part as a response to the disaffection of the public, as demonstrated by low voter turnout and citizen distrust, and the continuing pursuit of tax limitation efforts. According to the National Association of State Budget Officers, in 1996 (the last year for which complete data is available) voters passed new tax limitation measures in eight statesArizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Oregon, and South Dakota (Mazer, 1996). Although complete estimates of the economic effects have not been prepared, these limitations result in substantial revenue reductions for the affected state and local governments.

Some innovative processes have been used by governments to engage the public in a debate that moves beyond reliance on public hearings and toward the active deliberation of the citizenry. These efforts are predicated on the belief that the public, presented with realistic and detailed information, can make informed judgments to guide decision makers.

These techniques try to reach beyond gridlock and find new ways to engage the public in decision makingbut these ideas and approaches do not come out of a vacuum. There is a long legacy of citizen involvement with government in the United States. The lessons learned from this earlier work shed light on contemporary participatory efforts. This book places the contemporary attempts to involve citizens in government in the context of theoretical themes and historical reforms.

Our interest is in the relationship between citizens and local government budgeting as it is broadly construed. We are more concerned in this book with the ways in which citizen preferences may affect resource decisions than we are in reviewing specific approaches to budgeting. Thus, this book moves beyond the exclusive consideration of citizen participation in budget processes themselves. It is a review of citizen participation in government administration and an empirical analysis of one of the most sophisticated contemporary participation approaches to date.

Mutual Distrust

Governments and the citizenry have developed a mutual distrust, as the publics perception that elected officials have distanced themselves from those whom they represent is too often a reality. In some cases, officials have traded the interests of the public for financial or other rewards.

In Who Will Tell the People? The Betrayal of American Democracy, William Greider (1992) presents several examples of how the decision-making structure of the United States has become increasingly beholden to corporate and moneyed interests. He further laments that the people and institutions traditionally expected to alert citizens to this kind of behavior have either been consumed by this power structure themselves or been made ineffective by its size and influence. Meanwhile, he contends, the citizens role has been forced into the most narrow definitions of participation:

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