Gottfried Schweiger (editor) - Absolute poverty in Europe : interdisciplinary perspectives on a hidden phenomenon

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ABSOLUTE POVERTY IN EUROPE

Interdisciplinary perspectives on a hidden phenomenon

Edited by
Helmut P. Gaisbauer, Gottfried Schweiger and Clemens Sedmak

First published in Great Britain in 2019 by

Policy Press University of Bristol 1-9 Old Park Hill Bristol BS2 8BB UK Tel +44 (0)117 954 5940 e-mail

North American office: Policy Press c/o The University of Chicago Press 1427 East 60th Street Chicago, IL 60637, USA t: +1 773 702 7700 f: +1 773-702-9756 e:

Policy Press 2019

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN 978-1-4473-4128-4 hardcover

ISBN 978-1-4473-4131-4 ePub

ISBN 978-1-4473-4132-1 Mobi

ISBN 978-1-4473-4129-1 ePdf

The right of Helmut P. Gaisbauer, Gottfried Schweiger and Clemens Sedmak to be identified as editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of Policy Press.

The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the editors and contributors and not of the University of Bristol or Policy Press. The University of Bristol and Policy Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication.

Policy Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality.

Cover design by Robin Hawes

Front cover image: Getty images

Readers Guide

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Contents

Helmut P. Gaisbauer, Gottfried Schweiger and Clemens Sedmak

Lena Dominelli

Jonathan Bradshaw and Oleksandr Movshuk

Ides Nicaise, Ingrid Schockaert and Tuba Bircan

Robert Walker

Ursula Trummer

Patricia Kennedy and Nessa Winston

Rebecca OConnell and Julia Brannen

Carlos Pitillas

Ruth McAreavey

Clemens Sedmak

Stefanos Papanastasiou

Anna Sofia Salonen and Tiina Silvasti

Helmut P. Gaisbauer

Guillem Fernndez Evangelista

Elena Pribytkova

Christian Neuhuser

Gottfried Schweiger

Helmut P. Gaisbauer, Gottfried Schweiger and Clemens Sedmak

List of figures and tables

Figures

Tables

Notes on contributors

Tuba Bircan is senior research associate in the research group Poverty, social integration and migration at HIVA, Research Institute for Work and Society at KU Leuven.

Jonathan Bradshaw is emeritus professor in the Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York.

Julia Brannen is professor of the sociology of the family at the Thomas Coram Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education.

Lena Dominelli is professor of social work at Stirling University, Stirling, Scotland.

Guillem Fernndez Evangelista is an economist with a PhD in Public Policy by Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB).

Helmut P. Gaisbauer is senior scientist at the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research at the University of Salzburg and President of the Centre for Advanced Studies in Social Ethics, Salzburg.

Patricia Kennedy is associate lecturer in social policy and sociology at Institute of Technology, Carlow.

Ruth McAreavey is senior lecturer at Newcastle University.

Oleksandr Movshuk is professor in the Department of Economics, University of Toyama.

Christian Neuhuser is professor of political philosophy at the TU Dortmund University.

Ides Nicaise is professor of education and society and research manager at HIVA, Research Institute for Work and Society at KU Leuven.

Rebecca OConnell is reader in the sociology of food and families at the Thomas Coram Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education.

Stefanos Papanastasiou is social researcher in the Labour Institute of the Greek General Confederation of Labour INE GSEE, Athens.

Carlos Pitillas is professor in the University Institute for Family Studies and the Department of Psychology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid.

Elena Pribytkova is a postdoctoral global fellow at New York University School of Law, New York.

Anna Sofia Salonen is postdoctoral researcher at the Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University.

Ingrid Schockaert is senior researcher at the Research Office of the Flemish government.

Gottfried Schweiger is senior scientist at the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research at the University of Salzburg.

Clemens Sedmak is professor of social ethics in the Keough School of Global Affairs and at the Centre for Social Concern, University of Notre Dame/IN.

Tiina Silvasti is professor of social and public policy in the Department of Social Science and Philosophy, University of Jyvskyl, Finland.

Ursula Trummer is head of the Centre for Health and Migration, Vienna.

Robert Walker is professor emeritus and emeritus fellow at Green Templeton College, University of Oxford and visiting professor, Beijing Normal University.

Nessa Winston is associate professor in social policy at the School of Social Policy, Social Work and Social Justice, University College Dublin.

1

Absolute poverty in Europe: introduction

Helmut P. Gaisbauer, Gottfried Schweiger and
Clemens Sedmak

Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the successor of the controversial Millennium Development Goals (MDG), is to end poverty in all its forms everywhere. That formulation is certainly progress over past political agendas and the MDGs because it acknowledges that poverty in all its forms and wherever it is to be found poses a huge social, cultural, political and economic challenge (Fukuda-Parr 2016; Schweiger 2016). It also moves on from a focus on poverty in developing countries and is truly global in its perspective, including Europe as a whole as well as the richest European countries such as Germany, France, the UK, Sweden and the Netherlands. Furthermore, the SDG leave room for debates about the methods and concepts in poverty research, which are needed to grasp poverty in all its forms, and explicitly acknowledges that poverty is multidimensional and to be found in different forms and manifestations.

Poverty in Europe is a fact and it is worth acknowledging that fact because those living in poverty are suffering from several hardships and because poverty is not inevitable: it is socially produced and could be ended by social means. That is another important key message of the SDG and the goal to end all poverty everywhere. It is a goal because it is achievable, even more so in Europe and within its rich, highly developed countries although it is a challenge even there. The reality of poverty in Europe is researched on numerous levels, from small case studies to large-scale surveys like the EU-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). According to that valuable tool almost 87 million people were at risk of poverty in 2016, which means that they were living in a household having less than 60% of the equalised median income in their respective countries; 38 million people were living in conditions of material deprivation, lacking four or more of nine essential goods and services. According to both measures, young people and children were more often affected by poverty than other age groups.

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