Published by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Ong, Keng Yong, editor. | Mushahid Ali, editor. | Chin, Bernard, editor. |
Asia-Pacific Programme for Senior Military Officers, sponsoring body.
Title: The APPSMO advantage : strategic opportunities : evolving defence
diplomacy with the Asia Pacific Programme for Senior Military Officers /
[edited by] Ong Keng Yong, Mushahid Ali, Bernard Chin.
Description: New Jersey : World Scientific, [2016] | Commentary and reflections on, and
lectures presented at, the Asia Pacific Programme for Senior Military Officers, 2002?2015.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016025418 | ISBN 9789813147577 (hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: Asia-Pacific Programme for Senior Military Officers. |
Asia--Armed Forces--Congresses. | Pacific Area--Armed Forces--Congresses. |
Asia--Military relations--Congresses. | Pacific Area--Military relations--Congresses. |
Asia--Military policy--Congresses. | Pacific Area--Military policy--Congresses.
Classification: LCC UA830 .A65 2016 | DDC 355/.031095--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016025418
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright 2016 by S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University.
All rights reserved.
Desk Editor: Karimah Samsudin
Printed in Singapore
PREFACE
PROMOTING DFFENCE DIPLOMACY
Ambassador Ong Keng Yong
Executive Deputy Chairman,
S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies
T he mission of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) is summed up in three words: education, research, and networking. Its focus is on policy, security, and multilateralism. RSIS ponders the improbable as it looks at the strategic issues and what constant and rapid changes bring about. Over the last 18 years, RSIS has conducted the Asia Pacific Programme for Senior Military Officers (APPSMO) in fulfilment of this mission, and more than 1,000 high potential senior professionals and military personnel have participated in APPSMO.
Today, APPSMO is recognised as a career boosting and reputable platform for exchanging ideas and experiences for those in defence and policy work. The participants come not only from the Asia Pacific region, but also Europe and the Middle East. It is also attracting positive interest from other parts of the world.
Discussions at APPSMO are characterised by their informal milieu but they are no less intensive. Lecturers and speakers hail from varied backgrounds. Their common purpose is learning and sharing on contemporary military and strategic concerns to better appreciate the challenges faced by all.
Getting to know one another and developing friendly relations is a hallmark of APPSMO. The programme has fostered better understanding and mutual cooperation among various military establishments and policy agencies in a practical way that promoted defence diplomacy among the countries involved. The participants have often expressed considerable satisfaction with the networking value of APPSMO.
This volume of lectures and papers on APPSMO attempts to capture the flavour of the discussions and reflections of the scholars and participants of the 17 editions of APPSMO to date. It is designed for the benefit of alumni, future attendees of APPSMO, students of international relations, and the general reader.
RSIS wishes to thank all who contributed to this unique collection of knowledge and memories. 2016 marks 20 years of RSIS teaching, researching and networking. We look forward to more years of success ahead.
FOREWORD
SUMMER CAMP TO APPSMO
Mr S R Nathan
Sixth President of the Republic of Singapore
and Founding Director of the Institute of Defence
and Strategic Studies (IDSS)
T he Asia Pacific Programme for Senior Military Officers (APPSMO) has been conducted by the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies (IDSS), a component of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, since 1999. The programme was initially called a Summer Camp, conceived as a course of lectures and seminars on international relations and strategic studies that would be of interest to military officers in the region.
I was tasked to set up IDSS by then Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Dr Tony Tan Keng Yam, when I had completed my assignment as Singapores Ambassador to the United States of America, and looking forward to retirement. That was in 1996. In planning for a programme for the teaching of international relations and strategic studies at IDSS, my associates, Dr Ang Cheng Guan and Mr Kwa Chong Guan, both formerly from the SAFTI Military Institute, felt that such a course would be of interest to Indonesian military officers with a special programme tailored to meet their requirements. We found a competing interest from the UK, which proved to hold more attraction for the Indonesian officers. We then wondered if we could plan something else in the Institute that might be attractive to regional military officers but for a shorter period.
Mr Nathan hosting Dr Tony Tan when he visited IDSS in August 1999
Thus we came up with the idea of a Summer Camp of about a weeks duration, to be held at Sentosa (a holiday resort island) and combined with a Singapore on Parade occasion celebrating National Day to which the participants would be invited. We planned an intensive programme of lectures and seminars on subjects that would be of interest to military officers from the region and beyond. We decided that the Summer Camp would serve military officers who would be Colonels in the different armed forces who had their fingers on the trigger, so called, and who did not have many courses open to them, unlike diplomats, policy planners and Generals. The Summer Camp would bring together officers from different countries and enable them to meet their opposite numbers and interact in a confidence building milieu.
To make it attractive, we had to offer the participants free travel and accommodation. Fortunately, we were able to get the Singapore Totalisator Board to buy into the idea and finance the project for three years, thus overcoming a big hurdle for us.
The first Summer Camp in August 1999 was successful; there were representatives from the US Pacific Command, and the armed forces of China, Japan, South Korea, India, Canada, and European countries. For many, it was the first time they were making eye contact and were quick to exchange phone numbers and contact addresses. It was a successful confidence building exercise among senior military officers who had their fingers on the trigger.