LANGUAGE, MOBILITY AND INSTITUTIONS
Series Editors: Celia Roberts,Kings College London, UK andMelissa Moyer,Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona, Spain
This series focuses on language and new ways of looking at the challenges facing institutions as a result of the mobility and connectedness characteristic of present day society. The relevant settings and practices encompass multilingualism, bilingualism and varieties of the majority language and discourse used in institutional settings. The series takes a wide-ranging view of mobility and also adopts a broad understanding of institutions that incorporates less studied sites as well as the social processes connected to issues of power, control and authority in established institutions.
All books in this series are externally peer-reviewed.
Full details of all the books in this series and of all our other publications can be found on http://www.multilingual-matters.com, or by writing to Multilingual Matters, St Nicholas House, 31-34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK.
DOI https://doi.org/10.21832/RHEIND4672
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Names: Rheindorf, Markus editor. | Wodak, Ruth editor.
Title: Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Migration Control: Language Policy, Identity and Belonging/Edited by Markus Rheindorf and Ruth Wodak.
Description: Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Multilingual Matters, [2020] | Series: Language, Mobility and Institutions: 5 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019018871 (print) | LCCN 2019020082 (ebook) | ISBN 9781788924689 (pdf) | ISBN 9781788924696 (epub) | ISBN 9781788924702 (Kindle) | ISBN 9781788924672 (hbk: alk. paper) | ISBN 9781788924665 (pbk: alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Emigration and immigration Government policy. | Immigrants Government policy. | Immigrants Language. | Language policy. | Language and languages Political aspects. | Discrimination. | Sociolinguistics.
Classification: LCC JV6271 (ebook) | LCC JV6271 .S63 2019 (print) | DDC 325 dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019018871
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-78892-467-2 (hbk)
ISBN-13: 978-1-78892-466-5 (pbk)
Multilingual Matters
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Copyright 2020 Markus Rheindorf, Ruth Wodak and the authors of individual chapters.
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Contents
Markus Rheindorf and Ruth Wodak
Kristof Savski
Tony Capstick
Anna De Fina
Jo Angouri, Marina Paraskevaidi and Federico Zannoni
Markus Rheindorf and Ruth Wodak
Iair G. Or and Elana Shohamy
Contributors
Jo Angouri
Tony Capstick
Anna De Fina
Iair G. Or
Marina Paraskevaidi
Markus Rheindorf
Kristof Savski
Elana Shohamy
Ruth Wodak
Federico Zannoni
1 Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Migration Control: An Introduction
Markus Rheindorf and Ruth Wodak
Crises of Migration, Crises of Control
In times of an international crisis in migration policy widely referred to as a refugee crisis that is linked to conflicts and wars in Africa, the Middle East and Asia, this book brings together timely analyses of the manifold and yet context-specific ways in which migration affects globalized societies. Indeed, due to the very different socio-political histories of each country (colonial versus non-colonial country; country of immigration versus country of emigration; Eastern versus Western country and so forth) and each migrant/refugee community as well as migration movements examined (EU migrants versus migrants from outside the EU; Christian versus Muslim migrants/refugees and so forth), attitudes towards migrants and refugees differ, as do the implemented migration and asylum policies. Moreover, media coverage foregrounds and backgrounds different dimensions of the arrival andintegration of migrants and refugees, depending on their respective editorial policy, their readership and their outreach.
Simultaneously, we are able to observe growing tendencies of re-nationalization in many countries (Heller, 2010; Wodak, 2015a, 2018a) and a concomitant proliferation of new policies to keep strangers out (Bauman, 2016; Penninx et al., 2008; Triandafyllidou, 2018). This trend can be seen as a counter-movement to globalization and transnational cooperation that has moved from merely populist rhetoric or oppositional party programmes to actual policy and implementation. It is arguably built on exclusionary discourses and cultural Othering that has become normalized, even in its extreme forms.1 We thus observe a range of locally specific linguistic, cultural and economic nationalisms that potentially relate to migration in terms of legitimizing and re-building walls and borders, restricting or stopping migration (including refugees), and defending or enforcing languages, cultures, religions or values against real and imaginary threats (Krastev, 2017; Krzyanowski et al., 2018; Rheindorf & Wodak, 2018). Instead of focusing on how to cope best with (language) education, employment and housing for migrants and refugees, a culturalization of discourses is being instrumentalized by a politics of fear, dominating both media and politics, thus constructing seemingly insurmountable obstacles for a successful acceptance of diversity and difference. This development poses substantial challenges for sociolinguistics and sociolinguists, in the EU and beyond, both theoretically and analytically (Delanty et al., 2011; Duchne et al., 2013). In this volume, we restrict ourselves in our case studies to the Western world, i.e. to EU member states, Israel and the US. Nevertheless, we believe that our theories and methodologies could be applied elsewhere, in context-dependent ways.
Many apparent similarities in reactions to migration and flight differ among European nation states and political parties. In this, the voices of migrants and refugees are rarely heard usually, they are debated about, summarized and reported but not included in the debates, and as a result their authentic stories are seldom heard. This fact was evidenced, for example, in a large quantitative and qualitative study about the representation of refugees, migrants and asylum-seekers in the British press (over a period of 10 years; Baker
