Susanne Martin - The Role of Terrorism in Twenty-First-Century Warfare

The role of terrorism in twenty-first-century warfare

A series edited by

Max Taylor
Professor in International Relations (retired), University of St Andrews, Scotland where he was formerly Director of the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and
Political Violence

P. M. Currie
Senior Visiting Fellow at the School of International Relations at the University of
St Andrews, Scotland

John Horgan
Associate Professor of Science, Technology and Society and Director of the International Centre for the Study of Terrorism at Pennsylvania State University,
USA

New Directions in Terrorism Studies aims to introduce new and innovative approaches to understanding terrorism and the terrorist. It does this by bringing forward innovative ideas and concepts to assist the practitioner, analyst and academic to better understand and respond to the threat of terrorism, challenging existing assumptions and moving the debate forward into new areas. The approach is characterized by an emphasis on intellectual quality and rigor, interdisciplinary perspectives, and a drawing together of theory and practice. The key qualities of the series are contemporary relevance, accessibility and innovation.

The role of terrorism in twenty-first-century warfare

SUSANNE MARTIN AND LEONARD WEINBERG

Manchester University Press

Copyright Susanne Martin and Leonard Weinberg 2017

The right of Susanne Martin and Leonard Weinberg to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Published by Manchester University Press
Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA

www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for

ISBN 978 1 7849 9408 2

First published 2017

The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

Typeset by
Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire

We owe a substantial debt of gratitude to many groups and individuals for helping us to prepare this volume. We would especially like to express our thanks to Sharon Martin, Elizabeth Francis, Ami Pedahzur, Kristen Kabrin, the staff at Mathewson-IGT Knowledge Center, the staff and physicians at Renown Medical Center in Reno, and the readers and editors at Manchester University Press. We also appreciate the constructive comments and suggestions offered by anonymous reviewers of this manuscript, whose thoughtful contributions have had a substantial impact on the final product.

Most observers cannot help but notice that each of the major armed conflicts that occurred during the 1990s and the first decade of the present century Bosnia, Kosovo, Chechnya, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria has involved the use of terrorism by one or more of the contestants, at one time or another. Conflicts involving armed non-state actors challenging states and each other have become the main form of warfare thus far in the new millennium. The main participants are insurgents and counterinsurgents. Their conflicts are primarily internal, though they occasionally cross borders. They often involve outsiders, including states and other non-state actors, supporting one side or the other. The conflicts are carried out with a type of brutality that can be expected when the people of a country turn on each other and the institutions responsible for upholding law and order and protecting the population begin to fail. The types of weapons used by contestants in the armed conflicts of the twenty-first century are less sophisticated than those available to states. Whereas states may carry out wars from the sky or sea, or at least from a distance, with the aid of satellites, long-range missiles and other sophisticated technologies, the armed non-state actors fighting in the present centurys armed conflicts do so primarily on the ground and at close range.