Simon Hollis - Resilience in the Pacific and the Caribbean: The Local Construction of Disaster Risk Reduction

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Resilience in the Pacific and the Caribbean

This book critically examines the global diffusion and local reception of resilience through the implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) programmes in Pacific and Caribbean island states.

Global efforts to strengthen local disaster resilience capacities have become a staple of international development activity in recent decades, yet the successful implementation of DRR projects designed to strengthen local resilience remains elusive. While there are pockets of success, a gap remains between global expectations and local realities. Through a critical realist study of global and local worldviews of resilience in the Pacific and Caribbean islands, this book argues that the global advocacy of DRR remains inadequate because of a failure to prioritise a person-orientated ethics in its conceptualisation of disaster resilience. This regional comparison provides a valuable lens to understand the underlying social structures that makes resilience possible and the extent to which local governments, communities and persons interpret and modify their behaviour on risk when faced with the global message on resilience.

This book will be of much interest to students of resilience, risk management, development studies and area studies.

Simon Hollis is Associate Professor in Crisis Management and International Coordination at the Swedish Defence University.

Routledge Studies in Resilience

Series Editor: David Chandler, University of Westminster

The Routledge Studies in Resilience series is interested in publishing a broad range of high-quality contemporary research into the processes, spaces, policies, practices and subjectivities through which resilience is seen to operate.

Securitizing Global Warming

A Climate of Complexity

Delf Rothe

Resilience, Emergencies and the Internet

Security In-Formation

Mareile Kaufmann

Resilience in the Pacific and the Caribbean

The Local Construction of Disaster Risk Reduction

Simon Hollis

For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-in-Resilience/book-series/RSIR

Resilience in the Pacific and the Caribbean

The Local Construction of Disaster Risk Reduction

Simon Hollis

First published 2021

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2021 Simon Hollis

The right of Simon Hollis to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record has been requested for this book

ISBN: 978-0-367-07628-3 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-429-02169-5 (ebk)

Typeset in Times New Roman

by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India

To Mum and Dad

Contents

Disaster risk and resilience formation and outcomes

Process of norm diffusion and reception

Former Australian Foregin Minister, Bob Carr, planting mangroves in Kiribati with Mrs Nenenteiti Ruatu, the Acting Director of Environment, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agricultural Development. Photo, Aretitea Teeta, AusAID, 2013. CC BY 2.0

Road building, Timor Leste, 2010. Photo: AusAid. CC BY 2.0

Community risk reduction awareness raising campaign in Haiti. Photo taken by Francois Duboc, 2012, EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid DIPECHO Project. CC BY 2.0

Aerial view of low-income settlements representing a similar image used on the front cover of the GFDRR strategy 2018-2021. Photograph of Saigon suburb in 1965 by Wilbur E. Garrett, National Geographic, Getty Images. CC BY 2.0

Satellite imagery taken on Andros Island, Bahamas, two days after Hurricane Dorian, 5 September 2019. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel Data (2019), processed by ESA. CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO

US Navy interaction with children in the Marshall Islands as part of the Pacific Partnership mission to enhance disaster response capabilities. US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Tyrell K. Morris. CC BY 2.0

AusAid Represenative watches students practice an earthquake drill. Photo by Jim Holmes (13/2529). CC BY 2.0

Personal remittances received as a percentage of GDP, 2016

Net Overseas Development Aid as a Percentage of GNI, 2016

Uili Lousi, 2016, Dancing Fish in Motion. Acrylic on Tongan Tapa canvas, 40 40

Example of traditional lashing of rafters. Apia, Samoa, April, 2012. Photographed by OER Africa; CC BY 2.0

Personal Remittances Received as a percentage of national GDP, 2017

Excerpt from the paint installation project series The kings and their planes . Dean Arlen, 2013. 60 80 Acrylic, paper, graphite, spray paint, glue

Excerpt from the project series Bricks as Heritage and Identity . Oliver Benoit, 2017. Acrylic and oil on canvas

Stratified ontology of disaster resilience

Conceptual matrix for understanding how the international community perceive resilience

Methods of DRR and capacities of disaster resilience

Summary of a worldview on disaster resilience

Impediments and facilitators for the implementation of DRR in the Pacific

Impediments and facilitators for the implementation of DRR in the Caribbean

Critical realist personalism and resilience

Typologies of temporal and spatial associations to resilience

I could not have written this book without the inspirational and informative discussions held with my interview subjects as well as the chance encounters and friendships formed while researching resilience in the Pacific and in the Caribbean islands. From Suva to Georgetown, from Washington D.C to Brussels, I am indebted to the people who took their time to patiently explain the nuances and complexities of their worldviews, how they perceive disaster resilience and how they contribute to disaster risk reduction. While I cannot name everyone, I would like to thank in particular Papiloa Bloomfield Foliaki, Uili Lousi, Dean Arlen and Christopher Bennett.

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