Montse Feu - Fighting Fascist Spain: Worker Protest From the Printing Press

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FIGHTING
FASCIST
SPAIN

FIGHTING
FASCIST
SPAIN

WORKER PROTEST from
the PRINTING PRESS

MONTSE FEU

2020 by the Board of Trustees

of the University of Illinois

All rights reserved

Library of Congress Control Number: 2020936559

To Aaron K. Gillette, my beloved husband

Contents

Appendixes

Organizations

ACLU	American Civil Liberties Union
AFL	American Federation of Labor
AMA	Agrupacin de Mujeres Antifascistas (Antifascist Womens Organization)
ANFD	Alianza Nacional de Fuerzas Democrticas (National Alliance of Democratic Forces)
ASE	Alianza Sindical Espaola (Spanish Union Alliance)
ASO	Alianza Sindical Obrera (Labor Union Alliance)
CIO	Congress of Industrial Organizations
CNT	Confederacin Nacional del Trabajo (National Confederation of Labor)
ICFTU	International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
ILGWU	International Ladies Garment Workers Union
POUM	Partit Obrer dUnificaci Marxista (Workers Party of Marxist Unification)
SHC	Sociedades Hispanas Confederadas (Confederation of Hispanic Societies)
SIA	Solidaridad Internacional Antifascista (Antifascist International Solidarity)
SRA	Spanish Refugee Aid
UGT	Unin General de Trabajadores (General Union of Workers)

Spanish Terms

apropsito	topical one-act play
astracn	absurdist comedy
Caudillo	military dictator (Francisco Franco)
cenetista	member of the CNT
crnica	chronicle
cuadro	skit/vignette
gnero chico	popular, farcical genre
esperpento	grotesque
juguete cmico	farce or comic play
lector	reader (at a factory)
patria chica	national or regional identity
revista	musical comedy
sainete	one-act play
zarzuela	operetta

Principal Authors and Activists, Espaa Libre

Carmen Aldecoa (Turn de Mieles, Asturias, date unknownMadrid, 1988). Teacher for the Confederacin Nacional del Trabajo during the Spanish Civil War. Arrived in New York in 1941 after short stays in France and Cuba. Executive member of the SHC and occasional lecturer. Staff writer and contributor for Espaa Libre . Author of Del sentir y pensar (Mexico, 1957). Adjunct professor of Spanish at New York University. Left the United States in the 1980s and settled in Madrid.

Sergio Aragons (Castelln, Spain, 1937). His family arrived in Mexico in 1944 escaping the Spanish Civil War and the Nazi occupation of France. Served as editorial cartoonist for Espaa Libre from 1962 to 1965. Participated in several fundraising events as spokesman until 1965. Cartoonist for Mad magazine.

Josep Bartol Guiu (Barcelona, 1939New York, 1995). Political cartoonist, founder of the professional cartoonists syndicate. Fought as a militiaman in the Spanish Civil War (19361939), escaped French internment camps and the Gestapo. Lived in Mexico and became friends with Frida Kahlo. In the 1940s, started to draw for Holiday magazine and was part of the 10th Street group, along with Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline, Jackson Pollock, and Mark Rothko. Cartoonist for Espaa Libre in the 1950s and 1960s.

Alfonso Camn (La Peuca, Spain, 1890Porceyo, Spain, 1982). Migrated to Cuba in 1905 and worked for the periodicals La Noche , Apolo , and Diario de la Marina . In 1914 returned to Spain to cover the First World War. Founded the magazine Norte in 1929. Regular contributor for Grfico (New York), El Cronista del Valle (Brownsville, Texas), Evolucin (Laredo, Texas), Las Novedades (New York), La Prensa (San Antonio), Via Libre (New York), La Voz (New York), and Cultura Proletaria (New York). Submitted poetry to Espaa Libre from Mexico.

Jos Castilla Morales (Huelva, Spain, 1893New York, 1961) Migrated to Cienfuegos, Cuba, in 1909. Staff writer for El Sembrador , El Progreso , and Tierra . Fled the Gerardo Machado administrations political repression and arrived in New York with anarchists Avelino Iglesias and Paulino Dez. Staff writer for the anarchist newspaper Solidaridad Obrera (Mexico, 19181930) and assistant director of La Voz (New York, 1939). SHC founder, leader, and playwright; editor and satirist for Espaa Libre . Worked as a Spanish advertising manager for a chemical laboratory in New York.

Carmen Cordellat (Cuba, unknownNew York, unknown) Piano teacher and performer at the SHCs fundraisers. Served as the SHCs secretary in the 1940s and the 1950s. Worked closely with pro bono lawyers and the Second Spanish Republic government-in-exile to prevent deportations and relocate refugees.

Miguel Gimnez Igualada (Iniesta, Spain, 1888Mexico, 1973). Settled in Mexico after surviving the internment camps of France. Author of several books on anarchism and contributor to several Spanish periodicals in the Americas. Essayist for Espaa Libre . He often wrote under the pen names Miguel Ramos Gimnez and Juan de Iniesta. Pursued many means of earning a living from street vendor to teacher.

Jess Gonzlez Malo (Santander, Spain, 1903New York, 1965). President of the Santander Dock Workers Union and editor of the leftist newspaper La Regin in Santander, Spain, before the Spanish Civil War. Militiaman during the Spanish Civil War. Arrived in New York in 1940 after short stays in France and Cuba. SHC leader and Espaa Libre staff writer and editor. In New York, he worked as a welder.

Adolfo Jimnez Coln (Jumilla, Spain, 1884place unknown, 1995). Arrived in New York in 1918. Founding member of the SHC and composer of many of the zarzuelas performed at fundraisers. Espaa Libre published his satiric poetic attacks on the Franco regime and fascism until 1952. Author of Bombas de mano (1938). Profession unknown, he possibly taught music.

Flix Mart Ibez (Cartagena, 1911New York, 1972). Contributor for the Spanish anarchist press and general director of Public Health and Social Services in Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War. Arrived in New York in 1939. Espaa Libre essayist and short story writer. Professor of medical humanities at New York University.

Aurelio Pego (Valladolid, 1899La Corua, 1973). Arrived in New York in 1919. Contributor for several Spanish-language periodicals in the Americas. Joined Espaa Libre in 1940 as a staff writer. His satirical columns ran until the paper closed its doors in 1977. In the United States corresponded for several Hispanic newspapers and worked as a clerk in several businesses.

Mary Reid (Marita Reijal) (Place unknown, 1895Gibraltar, Spain, date unknown). Arrived in New York in 1921 with La Compaa de Teatro Espaol. Formed her own company, Compaa Marita Reid, and played the circuit of mutual aid societies. Founding member of the Centro Andaluz in 1929. Served regularly as stage star, director, and playwright in workers associations in the 1930s. An SHC founding member. Acted, directed plays, and was the master of ceremonies in hundreds of antifascist fundraisers.

Ramn J. Sender (Huesca, 1901San Diego, 1982). Spanish novelist, essayist, and journalist. Essayist for Espaa Libre . Taught Spanish at several universities, including the University of New Mexico.

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