Alan R Hunt - Civic Engagement in Food System Governance: A Comparative Perspective of American and British Local Food Movements

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Civic Engagement in Food Systems Governance

The local food movement is one of the most active of current civil engagement social movements. This work presents primary evidence from over 900 documents, interviews, and participant observations, and provides the first descriptive history of local food movement national policy achievements in the US, from 1976 to 2012, and in the UK, from 1991 to 2012, together with reviews of both the American and British local food movements. It provides a USUK comparative context, significantly updating earlier comparisons of American, British, and European farm and rural policies.

The comparative perspective shows that, over time, more effective strategies for national policy change required social-movement building strategies, such as collaborative policy coalitions, capacity building for smaller organizations, and policy entrepreneurship for joining together separate rural, farming, food, and health interests. In contrast, narrowly defined single-issue campaigns often undermined long-term policy change, even if short-term wins emerged. By profiling interviews of American and English movement leaders, policymakers, and funders, the book demonstrates that democratic participation in food policy is best supported when funders incentivize groups to work together and overcome their differences.

Alan R. Hunt has served as Senior Policy Analyst at the Northeast Midwest Institute, Washington D.C., and as Director of Policy and Research at Wholesome Wave, Bridgeport, Connecticut. He was a Fulbright Scholar at the Centre for Rural Economy at Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK from where he received a Ph.D. in Rural Development. He currently lives and works from his familys farm in Hampton, New Jersey.

This book fills a long-standing gap in academic research on the formation and growth of local food movements. The comparative approach is well-researched, providing evidence-based insights into processes of political and social change. It is a must-read for anyone studying food systems in the US or UK.

Becca Jablonski, Special Assistant Professor of Food Systems and Regional Economics, Colorado State University, USA

This is an authoritative study of local food movements in Britain and America, drawing on the authors extensive research and policy experience. It is full of insights for policy analysts, food farming and environmental campaigners, and students of politics.

Philip Lowe, OBE, Duke of Northumberland Professor of Rural Economy, Newcastle University, UK

Hunts research benefits from his experience building bridges between groups holding very different views of farm and food policy matters, amplified by personal insights from his familys agricultural background. The result is policy analysis centered on people.

Gary R. Matteson, Vice President of Young, Beginning, and Small Farmer Programs, The Farm Credit Council, USA

Civic Engagement in Food Systems Governance

A comparative perspective on American and British local food movements

Alan R. Hunt

First published 2015

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group,

an informa business

2015 Alan R. Hunt

The right of Alan R. Hunt to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Hunt, Alan R. (Alan Robert)

Civic engagement in food systems governance: a comparative perspective on American and British local food movements/

Alan R. Hunt.

pages cm. (Routledge studies in food, society and environment)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-138-88843-2 (hbk) ISBN 978-1-315-71343-4 (ebk)

Local foods Government policy United States. 2. Local foods Government policy Great Britain. 3. Nutrition policy United States Citizen participation. 4. Nutrition policy Great Britain Citizen participation. I. Title.

TX360.U6H87 2016

363.85610973dc23

2015016578

ISBN: 978-1-138-88843-2 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-315-71343-4 (ebk)

Typeset in Bembo

by Florence Production Ltd, Stoodleigh, Devon

Contents

Conclusion: The available policy windows did not align with advocacy group interests

Figures

Tables

Summary of major English government policy reports

Agencies, organizations, and abbreviations

American units of government

AMS, Agricultural Marketing Service

CCC, Commodity Credit Corporation

CRS, Congressional Research Service

DOD, Department of Defense

FNS, Food and Nutrition Service

GAO, Government Accountability Office

MSD, Marketing Services Division

NRCS, Natural Resource Conservation Service

OMB, Office of Management and Budget

RBCS, Rural Business Cooperative Service

USDA, United States Department of Agriculture

American programs

B&I, Rural Business & Industries Loan and Loan Guarantee Program

CFP, Community Food Projects

EBT, Electronic Benefit Transfer

FFVSP, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Snack Program

FMNP, Farmers Market Nutrition Program

FMPP, Farmers Market Promotion Program

HFED, Healthy Food Enterprise Development Center

HUFED, Healthy Urban Food Enterprise Development Center

SFMNP, Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program

SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly Food Stamps)

VAPG, Value-Added Producer Grant Program

WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children

British units of government

DEFRA, Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs, 2001

DFID, Department for International Development

MAFF, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, 19522001

NAO, National Accountability Office

NHS, National Health Service

RDA, Regional Development Agency

British reports, programs, and EU-related programs

CAP, Common Agricultural Policy

ERDP, English Rural Development Programme

LEADER, Liaison between rural development actions (translated from French: Liaison Entre Actions de Dveloppement de lconomie Rurale)

LIPT, Low-Income Project Team

PMG, Processing and Marketing Grant

PSFPI, Public Sector Food Procurement Initiative

RDPE, Rural Development Programme for England

REG, Rural Economy Grant

RES, Rural Economy Scheme

SFFS, Sustainable Farming and Food Strategy (used interchangeably with SSFF)

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