Margaret Scammell - The Media, Journalism and Democracy

The Media, Journalism and Democracy

General Editor: David Arter
Associate Editor: Gordon Smith

France
David S. Bell

Constitutions and Constitutionalism Practice
Richard Bellamy and Dario Castiglione

The United Nations, Volumes I and II
Sam Daws and Paul Taylor

Italy, Volumes I and II
Mark Donovan

Australia and New Zealand
Hugh V. Emy

Germany, Volumes I and II
Klaus H. Goetz

Revolution and Political Change
Alexander J. Groth

China, Volumes I, II and III
Lin Chun

Feminism and Politics, Volumes I and II
Joni Lovenduski

Religion and Politics
John Madeley

Israel
Gregory S. Mahler

Comparative Public Administration Volumes I and II
Moshe Maor and Jan-Erik Lane

New Politics
Ferdinand Mller-Rommel and Thomas Poguntke

Elections and Voting Behaviour
Pippa Norris

Legislatures and Legislators
Philip Norton

The European Union, Volumes I and II
Neill Nugent

Nationalism
Brendan O'Leary

Transitions to Democracy
Geoffrey Pridham

United Kingdom, Volumes I and II
R.A.W. Rhodes

European Security Organisations
Trevor Salmon

The Madia, Journalism and Democracy
Margaret Scammell and Holli Semetko

National and International Security
Michael Sheehan

The United States, Volumes I, II and III
Alan Ware

The Politics of the Postcommunist World, Volumes I and II
Stephen White and Daniel N. Nelson

Party Systems
Steven B. Wolinetz

Political Parties
Steven B. Wolinetz

Edited by
Margaret Scammell
The London School of Economics
and
Holli Semetko
University of Amsterdam

First published 2000 by Dartmouth Publishing Company and Ashgate Publishing

Reissued 2018 by Routledge
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Copyright Margaret Scammell and Holli Semetko 2000. For copyright of individual articles please refer to the Acknowledgements.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

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The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

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The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.

A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 99043340

ISBN 13:978-1-138-72961-2 (hbk)

ISBN 13:978-1-315-18977-2 (ebk)

The editors and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to use copyright material.

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication for the essays: David Manning White (1950), 'The "Gate Keeper": ACase Study In the Selection of News', Journalism Quarterly, 27, pp. 383-90; Morris Janowitz (1975), 'Professional Models in Journalism: The Gatekeeper and the Advocate', Journalism Quarterly, 52, pp. 618-26, 662.

Gordon and Breach Publishers for the essay: Jay Rosen (1991), 'Making Journalism More Public', Communication , 12, pp. 267-84. Copyright 1991 Gordon & Breach Science Publishers SA.

Index on Censorship for the essay: Ronald Dworkin (1994), 'A New Map of Censorship', Index on Censorship, 23, pp. 9-15.

John Keane (1995), 'Structural Transformations of the Public Sphere', The Communication Review , 1, pp. 1-22, Copyright 1995 John Keane.

Kluwer Academic Publishers for the essay: Wolfgang Donsbach and Bettina Klett (1993), 'Subjective Objectivity. How Journalists in Four Countries Define a Key Term of their Profession', Gazette, 51, pp. 53-83. Copyright 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers. With kind permission of Kluwer Academic Publishers.

London Review of Books for the essay: John Sutherland (1998), 'The Fight for Eyeballs', London Review of Books, 20, pp. 13-15.

Oxford University Press for the essays: George A. Donohue, Phillip J. Tichenor and Clarice N. Olien (1995), 'A Guard Dog Perspective on the Role of Media', Journal of Communication, 45, pp. 115-32. Copyright 1995 Journal of Communication; Ben H. Bagdikian (1985), 'The U.S. Media: Supermarket or Assembly Line?', Journal of Communication, 35, pp. 97-109; Joseph Turow (1994), 'Hidden Conflicts and Journalistic Norms: The Case of Self-Coverage', Journal of Communication, 44, pp. 29-46. Copyright 1994 Journal of Communication; Elihu Katz (1992), 'The End of Journalism? Notes on Watching the War', Journal of Communication, 42, pp. 5-13. Copyright 1992 Journal of Communication; Mark R. Levy (1981), 'Disdaining the News', Journal of Communication, 31, pp. 24-31; Daniel C. Hallin (1992), 'Sound Bite News: Television Coverage of Elections, 1968-88', Journal of Communication, 42, pp. 5-24. Copyright 1992 Journal of Communication; Karol Jakubowicz (1995), 'Media Within and Without the State: Press Freedom in Eastern Europe', Journal of Communication, 45, pp. 125-39; Jay G. Blumler and Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem (1992), 'New Roles for Public Television in Western Europe: Challenges and Prospects', Journal of Communication, 42, pp. 20-35. Copyright 1992 Journal of Communication; Merrill Morris and Christine Ogan (1996), 'The Internet as Mass Medium', Journal of Communication, 46, pp. 39-50. Copyright 1996 Journal of Communication.

Sage Publications, Inc. for the essay: Joseph N. Cappelia and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (1996), 'New Frames, Political Cynicism, and Media Cynicism', The Annals of the American Academy of Political Science Special Issue 'The Media and Polities', 546, pp. 71-84. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc.

Sage Publications Ltd for the essays: Thorbjrn Broddason (1994), 'The Sacred Side of Professional Journalism', European Journal of Communication, , pp. 227-48; Paddy Scannell (1989), 'Public Service Broadcasting and Modern Public Life', Media, Culture and Society, , pp. 13566; Colin Sparks (1988), 'The Popular Press and Political Democracy', Media, Culture and Society, , pp. 209-23; Philip Schlesinger (1991), 'Media, the Political Order and National Identity', Media, Culture and Society, , pp. 297-308; Kenneth L. Hacker (1996), 'Missing Links in the Evolution of Electronic Democratization', Media, Culture and Society, , pp. 213-32. Copyright 1996 SAGE. By permission of Sage Publications Ltd.

Taylor & Francis for the essays: Thomas E. Patterson (1993), 'Fourth Branch or Fourth Rate? The Press's Failure to Live Up to the Founders' Expectations', Political Communication , 10, pp. 816; Jack M. McLeod (1993), 'On Evaluating News Media Performance', Political Communication, 10, pp. 16-22.