Gary Weatherford - Water and Agriculture in the Western U.S.: Conservation, Reallocation, and Markets

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Water and Agriculture in the Western U.S.

Other Titles in This Series

Economic Benefits of Improved Water Quality: Public Perceptions of Option and Preservation Values , Douglas Greenley, Richard Walsh, and Robert Young

Water and Western Energy: Impacts, Issues, and Choices , Steven C. Ballard, Michael D. Devine, and Associates

Also of Interest

Western Water Resources: Coming Problems and the Policy Alternatives , A Symposium Sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City

Scientific, Technological and Institutional Aspects of Water Resource Policy , edited by Yacov Y. Haimes

Water and Energy in Colorado's Future: The Impacts of Energy Development on Water Use in 1985 and 2000 , Colorado Energy Research Institute

Water Needs for the Future: Political, Economic, Legal, and Technological Issues in a National and International Framework , edited by Ved P. Nanda

Public Representation in Environmental Policymaking: The Case of Water Quality Management , Sheldon Kamieniecki

* Energy Futures, Human Values, and Lifestyles: A New Look at the Energy Crisis , Richard C. Carlson, Willis W. Harman, Peter Schwartz, and Associates

* Renewable Natural Resources: A Management Handbook for the 1980s , edited by Dennis L. Little, Robert E. Dils, and John Gray

Energy, Economics, and the Environment: Conflicting Views of an Essential Relationship , edited by Herman E. Daly and Alvaro F. Umaa

* The Economics of Environmental and Natural Resources Policy , edited by J. A. Butlin

*Available in hardcover and paperback.

Studies in Water Policy and Management Charles W. Howe, General Editor

Water and Agriculture in the Western U.S.: Conservation, Reallocation, and Markets

edited by Gary D. Weatherford in association with Lee Brown, Helen Ingram, and Dean Mann

One of the major questions facing the western U.S. is whether irrigation water can be conserved and reallocated to help meet increasing nonagricultural water demands. This book, based on interdisciplinary research in several states, identifies and analyzes the legal, political, economic, and social issues involved in a "conserve-andtransfer" strategy. After providing an overview and policy framework for considering the role of conservation in water management, the authors use case studies to illustrate, for example, why water conservation is not a neutral policy or principle (demonstrating how other legitimate values can be adversely affected by a single-purpose pursuit of conservation); the various options available for conservation; how reallocation occurs in market transactions; and the legal restrictions on the sale of conserved surplus water.

Although formal market mechanisms are found to be rudimentary or lacking in most areas of the West, the authors contend that more proficient markets will evolve to measure the economic value of agricultural water. They conclude that a "conserve-and-transfer" strategy is selectively workable through the use of incentives, but that a number of tradeoffs, social concerns, and institutional constraints, which have not been adequately recognized to date, will have to be dealt with by policymakers if the strategy is to have wider application.

Gary Weatherford is director of the Water Program at the Center for Natural Resource Studies of the John Muir Institute. Lee Brown is associate professor of economics at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Helen Ingram is professor of government at the University of Arizona; and Dean Mann is professor of political science at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

A Project of the John Muir Institute
Funded by The National Science Foundation

Water and Agriculture in the Western U.S.

Conservation, Reallocation, and Markets

edited by Gary D. Weatherford
in association with
Lee Brown, Helen Ingram, and Dean Mann

First published 1982 by Westview Press

Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1982 Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 82-50068

ISBN 13: 978-0-865-31367-5 (hbk)

Dedicated, in memoriam, to our associate PHIL RENO who never tired of asking of research: "Will this inquiry improve people's lives?"

Contents

, Charles W. Howe

By Gary Weatherford

PART TWO: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR AGRICULTURAL WATER CONSERVATION AND REALLOCATION IN THE WEST: A POLICY ANALYSIS

By Dean Mann

I. INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT

The Carter Conservation Initiative

Conservation and Its Meanings

The Concept of Conservation

The Western Setting for Water Management

II. VARIETY, DIVERSITY, AND COMPLEXITY

Water Law Doctrines

Institutional Structure

Physical Circumstances

Character of Clientele

Political and Financial Arrangements

Interest Groups at the State and Local Levels

Water Conservation, Efficiency, and Their Application to Irrigation Agriculture

III. OPPORTUNITIES FOR WATER CONSERVATION

Background

On-Farm Circumstances and Opportunities for Water Conservation

Off-Farm Circumstances and Opportunities for Water Conservation

IV. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS BY THE STATE, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL LEVELS

Public Attitudes

Distributive and Regulatory Politics

Water Conservation as Distributive Poiitics

Planning

Improved Research and Information Flows

Exogenous Variables

V. CONCLUSIONS

NOTES

PART THREE: FACTORS UNDERLYING IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY IN THE TULARE BASIN OF CALIFORNIA

By Gary Weatherford, Dean Mann, Steve Riley, Dean Birch and Albert Marsh

I. INTRODUCTION

II. WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN CONCEPT AND IN CONTEXT

Opportunities for Conservation in the Irrigation Water Cycle

Brief Description of Irrigation Systems

III. POLICIES AND PROGRAMS OF STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES

State Constitution and Legislation

Department of Water Resources (DWR)

State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB)

Bureau of Reclamation

IV. PERCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES OF FARMERS, WATER DISTRICTS AND TECHNICAL ADVISORS

Introduction

Interviews with Farmers

Conclusions

Interviews with Water District Officials

Interviews with Technical Advisors

Conclusion: East Side/West Side Contrasts

V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Need to Define Terms

Need to Base Judgments on Physical Reality

Need to Obtain More Information

Need to Target Opportunities for Water Savings

Need to Build on Proven Incentives

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