Denise Garcia - Disarmament Diplomacy and Human Security: Regimes, Norms and Moral Progress in International Relations

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Disarmament Diplomacy and Human Security

This book assesses how progress in disarmament diplomacy in the last decade has improved human security.

In doing so, the book looks at three cases of the development of international norms in this arena. First, it traces how new international normative understandings have shaped the evolution of and support for an Arms Trade Treaty (the supply side of the arms trade); second, it examines the small arms international regime and examines a multilateral initiative that aims to address the demand side (by the Geneva Declaration); and, third, it examines the evolution of two processes to ban and regulate cluster munitions.

The formation of international norms in these areas is a remarkable development, as it means that a domain that was previously thought to be the exclusive purview of states, i.e. how they procure and manage arms, has been penetrated by multiple influences from worldwide civil society. As a result, norms and treaties are being established to address the domain of arms, and states will have more multilateral restriction over their arms and less sovereignty in this domain.

This book will be of much interest to students of the arms trade, international security, international law, human security and IR in general.

Denise Garcia is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at Northeastern University, Boston. She is the author of Small Arms and Security (Routledge 2006).

Routledge Global Security Studies

Series editors: Aaron Karp, Regina Karp and Terry Teriff

1 Nuclear Proliferation and International Security

Sverre Lodgaard and Morten Bremer Maerli

2 Global Insurgency and the Future of Armed Conflict

Debating fourth-generation warfare

Terry Terriff, Aaron Karp and Regina Karp

3 Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction

Responding to the challenge

Edited by Ian Bellany

4 Globalization and WMD Proliferation

Edited by James A. Russell and Jim J. Wirtz

5 Power Shifts, Strategy and War

Declining states and international conflict

Dong Sun Lee

6 Energy Security and Global Politics

The militarization of resource management

Edited by Daniel Moran and James A. Russell

7 US Nuclear Weapons Policy After the Cold War

Russians, rogues and domestic division

Nick Ritchie

8 Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction

Dealing with fighters in the aftermath of war

Edited by Robert Muggah

9 Network Centric Warfare and Coalition Operations

The new military operating systems

Paul T. Mitchell

10 American Foreign Policy and the Politics of Fear

Threat inflation since 9/11

Edited by A. Trevor Thrall and Jane K. Cramer

11 Risk, Global Governance and Security

The other war on terror

Yee-Kuang Heng and Kenneth McDonagh

12 Nuclear Weapons and Cooperative Security in the 21st Century

The new disorder

Stephen J. Cimbala

13 Political Economy and Grand Strategy

A neoclassical realist view

Mark R. Brawley

14 Iran and Nuclear Weapons

Protracted conflict and proliferation

Saira Khan

15 US Strategy in Africa

AFRICOM, terrorism and security challenges

Edited by David J. Francis

16 Great Powers and Strategic Stability in the 21st Century

Competing visions of world order

Edited by Graeme P. Herd

17 The Globalisation of NATO

Intervention, security and identity

Veronica M. Kitchen

18 International Conflict in the Asia-Pacific

Patterns, consequences and management

Jacob Bercovitch and Mikio Oishi

19 Nuclear Proliferation and International Order

Challenges to the non-proliferation treaty

Edited by Olav Njlstad

20 Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation

Towards a nuclear-weapon free world

Sverre Lodgaard

21 Nuclear Energy and Global Governance

Ensuring safety, security and non-proliferation

Trevor Findlay

22 Unipolarity and World Politics

A theory and its implications

Birthe Hansen

23 Disarmament Diplomacy and Human Security

Regimes, norms and moral progress in international relations

Denise Garcia

Disarmament Diplomacy and Human Security

Regimes, norms and moral progress in international relations

Denise Garcia

First published 2011

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada

by Routledge

270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2011 Denise Garcia

The right of Denise Garcia to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record has been requested for this book

ISBN13: 978-0-415-58003-8 (hbk)

ISBN13: 978-0-203-83070-3 (ebk)

I dedicate this book with love to:

Leonardo M. Pauwels

Corey R. Gusman

Neel Hagemann

The future is yours!

Contents

Foreword

The term arms control and disarmament was coined in the early 1960s, at the height of the Cold War, and pertained mainly to weapons of mass destruction. Treaties and agreements reached during this period were marked by extensive verification procedures and the famous phrase of President Ronald Reagan of the United Statestrust but verify. Furthermore, no agreements were ever promulgated in regard to the international trade in conventional arms, those arms that for centuries have been seen as absolutely critical for the security of states. As this book is being published, there are several treaties and agreements in place designed to do what couldnt be done, as far back as the beginning of the twentieth century. Namely, prevent and reduce the negative effects associated with conventional weaponssmall arms and light weapons, anti-personnel landmines, cluster munitions and major conventional weapons (the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms). How can this be explained? What has changed? Why have humanitarian concerns begun to trump military necessity? Denise Garcia has written this book Disarmament Diplomacy and Human Security Regimes, Norms, and Moral Progress in International Relations to answer these questions.

One explanatory theme is that of human security, a post-Cold War concept originating with the 1994 UNDP Human Security Report. The 1990s saw a major decrease in traditional interstate conflict, fought with major conventional arms (tanks, fighter aircraft, etc.) and the rise in intrastate conflict fought between rival factions with small arms and light weapons, where the interstate diplomacy of the previous era became irrelevant. More than 80 percent of the casualties of these new conflicts were civilians, who were not only pawns but often the targets of rival armed groups. It made no sense to build schools, feed people and attempt to work for development with armed violence all around.

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