Lloyd M. Sachikonye - When a State Turns on Its Citizens: 60 Years of Institutionalised Violence in Zimbabwe

When a State Turns on Its Citizens: 60 Years of Institutionalised Violence in Zimbabwe — read online for free the complete book (whole text) full work

Below is the text of the book, divided by pages. System saving the place of the last page read, allows you to conveniently read the book "When a State Turns on Its Citizens: 60 Years of Institutionalised Violence in Zimbabwe" online for free, without having to search again every time where you left off. Put a bookmark, and you can go to the page where you finished reading at any time.

Light

Font size:

↓

↑

Georgia Tahoma Arial Verdana

Reset

Interval:

↓

↑

Bookmark:

Make

1234567...39

When a State turns on its Citizens

When a State
turns on its
Citizens

60 years of Institutionalised Violence in Zimbabwe

Lloyd Sachikonye

First published by
Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd. (2011), Auckland Park 2092, South Africa

This edition published by Weaver Press, Zimbabwe 2011
and distributed by the African Book Collective

Lloyd Sachikonye 2011

National Archives of Zimbabwe for the photographs on pages xxi, xxii and 7
Gapwuz/CFU for the photograph on page 36
Tsvangirai Mukwazhi for the photographs on pages x, xv, xvi, 17, 23, 44, 59, 61, 77, 84, 89, 103, 106, 109

Cover design: Mike Danes
Typeset in Myriad Pro
Printed and Bound by Lightning Source

All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the express written permission of the publisher.

For a complete list of Weaver Press titles see
www.weaverpresszimbabwe.com

ISBN: 978-1-77922-164-3

For Miriam, my mother,
who experienced coercion during the 2008 election

Acknowledgements

Many individuals and organizations kindly gave me their assistance in carrying out this study. A grant from the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation made it possible for me to undertake this study between October 2009 and May 2010 and I am very grateful for that support.

In the authoritarian environment of Zimbabwe, studying political violence is a difficult and sensitive enterprise. I am therefore greatly indebted to many people who assisted me in the course of this study. Many of them would prefer not to be named in a report of this nature.

I am profoundly grateful for the valuable assistance that I received at various stages of this project from the following people, amongst others: Eldred Masunungure and Geoff Feltoe at the University of Zimbabwe, Itai Zimunya at OSISA, Abel Chikomo at the Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum; Brian Raftopoulos of the Solidarity Peace Trust (SPT), David Moore of the University of Johannesburg and Sarah Bracking of the University of Manchester. A number of institutions provided useful assistance: the Institute of Justice and Reconciliation and OSISA in South Africa; Counselling Services Unit, Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace (CCJP), Joint Monitoring and Implementation Committee (JOMIC), Research and Advocacy Unit (RAU), Women of Zimbabwe Arise (WOZA), Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) and the Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum in Harare and Bulawayo.

Finally but equally importantly, I am sincerely thankful to community members who spoke to me about their recollections or experiences of political violence in Bulawayo, south-western Zimbabwe, Epworth in Harare and Mutasa in eastern Zimbabwe.

Of course, I alone am responsible for any shortcomings in this study.

Lloyd Sachikonye

February 2011

Lloyd M. Sachikonye

Lloyd Sachikonye (1954) was born and educated in Zimbabwe. After attending Ahmadu Bello University in Nigeria where he did his M.Sc. in Political Science, he acquired a Ph.D. from Leeds University in the UK. He is Associate Professor at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Zimbabwe where he has worked as a researcher and lecturer since 1983.

On the Board of five professional international journals, he has also been widely published within his research field of the politics of labour movements, democracy, and civic society.

Table of Contents

Acronyms

Preface

Chapter 1: Background, History and Patterns of Political Violence

Introduction

Half a Century of Political Violence

Political Violence in the Nationalist Movement

Ramifications of Violence in a Liberation War

Colonial Regime Forces

Guerrilla Coercion and Violence

Violence in the Liberation Movements

Other Forms of Violence

Party-linked Militia

ZANLA-ZIPRA clashes

Significance of the Gukurahundi Violence

Election-related Violence

Institutionalized Violence

Other Examples of State Repression

External Military Intervention

Repression of Food Riots

Repression of Workers and Students

Violence in Operation Restore Order/Murambatsvina

Chapter 2: Political Violence and the Scramble for Resources

Introduction

Explaining Inter-party Violence

Significance of Intra-party Violence

Violence and Land Reform

Coercive Accumulation

Impunity of State Institutions and Agents

Power, Ideology and Violence

Chapter 3: Systemic Violence and the 2008 Election

Introduction

Political Context and the Electoral System

Systemic Violence and State Institutions

Episodes of Violence and Terror

Outcome of the Run-off Election

Economic Penalties on the Opposition

Chapter 4: Violence and Political Culture

Introduction

Inter-party Violence in 2000-2008

Intra-party Violence in 2000-2008

Violence and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in 2000-2008

Labour

Teachers

Students

Pressure Groups

Media

NGOs and the Churches

Violence against Women

Effects of Violence on Political Culture

Chapter 5: Wider Impact of Political Violence on Society

Introduction

Violence, Trauma and Fear

Effects of Impunity

Restitution or retribution?

Youth: the lost generation?

Conclusion and Afterword

Bibliography

Appendix 1: A Note on Methodology

Tables and Boxes

Tables

Table 1 Cases of gross human rights violations

Table 2 Frequency of alleged perpetrators

Table 3 Freeness and fairness of elections, 1999-2003

Table 4 Expectations about freeness and fairness in future elections

Table 5 Decline in voter participation, 1980-2008

Table 6 Attitude towards perpetrators

Table 7 Victim of intimidation, threat or harassment by party

Table 8 Whether respondent has experienced intimidation, threat or harassment

Boxes

Box 1 Six deaths at Chiweshe

Box 2 Epworth: violence and terror against the opposition

Box 3 Beatings in Chitungwiza by soldiers

Box 4 Violence and terror in Chikomba

Box 5 Buhera study site

Box 6 Chitungwiza violence

Box 7 Terror in a Mutasa community

Box 8 Torture of a labour leader, 2006

Box 9 Extra-judicial restitution in Buhera, 2010

Box 10 Hallucinations

Box 11 Youth militia in their own words

ACPD	African Community Publishing and Development
ANC	African National Congress
APs	Assembly Points
BOG

Next page

1234567...39

Light

Font size:

↓

↑

Georgia Tahoma Arial Verdana

Reset

Interval:

↓

↑

Bookmark:

Make

Similar books «When a State Turns on Its Citizens: 60 Years of Institutionalised Violence in Zimbabwe»

Look at similar books to When a State Turns on Its Citizens: 60 Years of Institutionalised Violence in Zimbabwe. We have selected literature similar in name and meaning in the hope of providing readers with more options to find new, interesting, not yet read works.

Blair Rutherford

Farm Labor Struggles in Zimbabwe: The Ground of Politics

Lloyd Fallers

The Social Anthropology of the Nation-State

Philip Barclay

Zimbabwe: Years Of Hope And Despair

Rob Witte

Racist Violence and the State: A Comparative Analysis of Britain, France and the Netherlands

Godfrey Maringira

Soldiers and the State in Zimbabwe

Elżbieta Drążkiewicz

Institutionalised Dreams: The Art of Managing Foreign Aid

Andrew Lloyd Webber

Andrew Lloyd Webber Unmasked

Waner Lloyd

Big and Little poison: Paul and Lloyd Waner, baseball brothers

Mugabe Robert Gabriel

Mugabe: power, plunder, and the struggle for Zimbabwe

Cailyn Lloyd [Lloyd

Shepherd’s Warning

Lloyd

Never Give Up: How To Overcome Anything

Wil Pansters

Violence, Coercion, and State-Making in Twentieth-Century Mexico: The Other Half of the Centaur

Discussion, reviews of the book When a State Turns on Its Citizens: 60 Years of Institutionalised Violence in Zimbabwe and just readers' own opinions. Leave your comments, write what you think about the work, its meaning or the main characters. Specify what exactly you liked and what you didn't like, and why you think so.