Ray Gamache - Gareth Jones: On Assignment in Nazi Germany 1933-34

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GARETH JONES

Eyewitness to theHolodomor

The historian does not simply come in to replenish the gaps of memory. He constantly challenges even those memories that have survived intact. No subject is potentially unworthy of his interest, no document, no artifact beneath his attention.

Zakhor, Yosef Khaim Yerushalmi,

Where can that life have gone? And that suffering, that terrible suffering? Can there really be nothing left? Is it really true that no one will be held to account for it all? That it will all just be forgotten without a trace?

Everything Flows, Vasily Grossman

even so rich and commanding a newspaper as the [New York] Times does not take seriously enough the equipment of the correspondent. For extraordinarily difficult posts in extraordinary times, something more than routine correspondents are required. Reporting is one of the most difficult professions, requiring much expert knowledge and serious education. The old contention that properly trained men lack the news sense will not stand against the fact that improperly trained men have seriously misled a whole nation.

Walter Lippmann and Charles Merz, A Test of the News, The New Republic, August 4, 1920

Journalists are a wonderful community everywhere and there is a fine feeling of cooperation and hospitality among them.

Letter dated March 24, 1935, Gareth Jones

GARETH JONES

Eyewitness to theHolodomor

Ray Gamache

Published in Wales by Welsh Academic Press, an imprint of

Ashley Drake Publishing Ltd

PO Box 733

Cardiff

CF14 7ZY

www.welsh-academic-press.wales

First edition published in hardback 2013

First edition published in paperback 2016

Second edition published in paperback 2018

ISBN

Paperback: 978-1-86057-128-2

eBook: 978-1-86057-146-6

Ashley Drake Publishing Ltd 2018

Text Ray Gamache 2018

The right of Ray Gamache to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright Design and Patents Act of 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.

A CIP catalogue for this book is available from the British Library.

Typeset by Replika Press Pvt Ltd, India

Contents

List of Illustrations

1. Evening Standard, 31 March 1933.
2. Graphic representation of the relation between text, supra-text, and context.
3. Annie Gwen Jones with the Hughes family.
4. Bezbozhnik (The Godless) newspaper, 22 April 1923.
5. Postcard to Mr. Edgar Jones from Gareth Jones, August 1930.
6. Letter from Gareth Jones depicting the location of Ivy Lee and Associates.
7. Jack Heinz II, On the eve of your departure.
8. Soviet propaganda poster about eliminating illiteracy.
9. Gareth Jones diary entry drawing of the Hoover propaganda poster
10. The Hoover propaganda poster, from the archives of Gareth Jones.
11. Gareth Jones diary entry with See Hamlet.
12. Postcard to Margaret Stewart, 7 March 1933.
13. Gareth Jones letter to his family sent from Kharkov, 14 March 1933.
14. New York Evening Post, 30 March 1933.
15. Gareth Jones passport, March 1933.
16. Gareth Jones diary entry, I dont trust Duranty.
17. Picture of an orphanage, from the archives of Gareth Jones.
18. A poster advertising Gareth Jones The Enigma of Bolshevik Russia travelogue.
19. Gareth Jones in the KFWB radio station, January 1935.
20. The plaque commemorating Gareth Jones at the Old College building, Aberystwyth University.
21. Memorandum by A. W. Kliefoth, dated 4 June 1931.

Acknowledgements

I could not have written this book without the love and support of my wife, Jane Margaret Benesch, who guides and nurtures every one of my projects. Additional support comes from my mother, Rachel Gamache; sister Aline Gamache; and sisters-in-law, Amy and Sarah Benesch.

I owe a debt of gratitude to our dear friends in Wales, John Clark and Mary Ward-Jackson, who opened up their home, and served as gracious hosts, bird finders, and tour guides during our trip to Wales.

Dr. Margaret Siriol Colley (1925-2011), niece and biographer of Gareth Jones, graciously answered my initial inquiries and encouraged me to pursue my work.

Mr. Nigel Linsan Colley, great-nephew of Gareth Jones, not only provided me with a tremendous amount of archival material as well as his thoughts, feelings, and discoveries about Jones, but he also took me on a delightful walking tour of London one fine June day, fed me home-made sandwiches, and answered all of my questions.

Dr. Graham Jones, political archivist at the National Library of Wales, took time from his busy schedule to make sure I had access to all the archives in the Gareth Vaughan Jones Papers. He and his competent staff made my time at the Library a pleasurable experience, one Ill always treasure.

A special thank you goes out to Thomas Ruddy and Kenya Flash, at the D. Leonard Corgan Library, Kings College, who expedited and filled every one of my requests for Interlibrary Loans with professional aplomb.

The Kings College administration for awarding me a Summer Research Grant, which enabled me to travel to Wales, Princeton University, and Washington, D.C., to conduct my research.

Mrs. Eirionedd Baskerville and Mr. Nick Cole assisted me in locating newspaper citations. Without their able assistance, I could not have finished this project on time.

Authors Note

To simplify the problems of presenting Russian names and terms, I have retained the spellings and transliterations used in the source materials. In the 1930s, journalists often employed the generic name Russia to mean the USSRthe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. I have endeavored to refrain from using Russia interchangeably with the USSR, although I have used Russian as a qualifier for nouns like language, culture, etc. Most Russian terms are retained in their original form and italicized, accompanied with an explanation in the text. Others that are more familiar to the reader of English have been rendered as English words, kulak for example. Newspapers like Pravda (Truth) and Izvestia (News), well known in English, have not been translated in the text; those less known have been translated. The term peasant has been used to refer to those villagers who lived and worked in the countryside; when referring to a specific class, the word batrak, bednyak, etc., was used.

My purpose in writing this book was to offer a close reading of Gareth Joness articles about the USSR and its Five-Year Plan. I alone bear responsibility for the interpretations of those articles, diaries and personal correspondence, as well as the significance of the Holodomor and its meanings. I do not offer assertions of fact about demographic losses related to the famine or its causes, other than those offered by Jones in his work.

Famine Rules Russia

Hero of Ukraine

On March 31, 1933, the London Evening Standard published an article (Illustration 1) titled Famine Rules Russia by Gareth Jones, a young Welsh journalist who had recently returned from an unescorted walking tour through several of the grain growing districts in the Soviet Union. In his article, the first of twenty-one that he wrote over the next few weeks, Jones asserts that the present state of Russian agriculture is already catastrophic but that in a years time its condition will have worsened tenfold. By denigrating Jones by name, Duranty, the Pulitzer Prize winner in 1932, not only denied that a famine was raging across the USSR, but he also ignited a controversy that has persisted for more than eighty years.

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