Joseph Cirincione - Repairing the Regime: Preventing the Spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction

First published 2000 by Routledge

Published 2013 by Routledge
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Copyright 2000 by Routledge

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Repairing the regime: preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction/ edited by Joseph Cirincione.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-415-92595-9 (hc) ISBN 0-415-92596-7 (pb)
ISBN 978-0-415-92596-9 (pbk)
1. Nuclear arms control. 2. Nuclear nonproliferation. 3. Chemical arms control. 4. Biological arms control. 5. Weapons of mass destruction.
I. Cirincione, Joseph
JZ5665 .R47 2000
327.1'745dc21
99-056509

Historical Overview and Introduction
Joseph Cirincione

The State of the Regime
Jayantha Dhanapala

Post-Cold War Nuclear Challenges
Bill Richardson

Proliferation Challenges
Samuel R. Berger

The Crisis in Russia's Nuclear Cities
Ken Luongo, Matthew Bunn, Rose Gottemoeller, Lev Ryabev

Deadlock in the Strategic Reductions Process: A Russian Perspective
Alexander A. Pikayev

A Detailed Analysis of the Urgently Needed New Steps to Control Warheads and Fissile Material
Matthew Bunn

China's Perspective on Non-Proliferation
Sha Zukang

Nuclear Relations in South Asia
Neil Joeck

Supplement on Fissile Material and Nuclear Weapons in India and Pakistan
David Albright

The Economic Impacts of the Glenn Amendment: Lessons from India and Pakistan
Daniel Morrow and Michael Carriere

Inspecting Iraq
Richard Butler

Iran - Russia Missile Cooperation
Richard Speier, Robert Gallucci, Robbie Sabel, Viktor Mizin

Middle East Arms Control and Regional Security Dilemmas
Benjamin Frankel, Ariel Levite, Khidhir Hamza, Bruce Jentleson,

Can the Missile Technology Control Regime Be Repaired?
Richard Speier

Chemical and Biological Weapons
Jonathan B. Tucker, Brad Roberts, Elisa Harris

A Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty and the Future of Nuclear Arms Control1
Camille Grand

Next Steps in Strategic Reductions
Michael Krepon, Thomas Graham Jr., Bruce Blair, Robert Bell, Alexei Arbatov

Constructing a New Agenda
Darach MacFhionnbhairr, Patricia Lewis, Marina Laker, Luiz F. Machado

APPENDIX I
The International Non-Proliferation Regime

APPENDIX II
Principles and Objectives for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament

APPENDIX III
Membership in the Regime

APPENDIX IV
Nuclear Status 1999

APPENDIX V
Estimated Nuclear Stockpiles 19992000

APPENDIX VI
Examples of Biological Warfare Agents

APPENDIX VII
Examples of Chemical Warfare Agents

APPENDIX VIII
Acronyms

______

In January 1999, over 450 experts, officials, academics, and journalists gathered in Washington, D.C., for the Carnegie International Non-Proliferation Conference. The stimulating and insightful discussions of the conference participants became the catalyst for this writing project. I am grateful for their permission to adapt several of their presentations and panel debates as chapters for this book. I appreciate the scholarship and diligence of David Albright, Mathew Bunn, Camille Grand, Neil Joeck, Richard Speier, Alexander Pikayev, Dan Morrow, and Michael Carrier, all of whom prepared papers specifically commissioned for this volume.

Repairing the Regime has been prepared under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and is supported by generous grants to the Non-Proliferation Project from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the W Alton Jones Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the John Merck Fund, the Ploughshares Fund, and Prospect Hill Foundation. I am especially grateful to Carnegie Endowment president Jessica Mathews and vice president Tom Carothers for their support, inspiration, and valuable suggestions throughout the conference planning and editing process.

This book would not have been possible without the dedicated work of the Carnegie Non-Proliferation Project staff. Jon Wolfsthal and Toby Dalton did a superb job at all levels: assisting in all the editing, editing several chapters in their entirety, organizing the process, keeping the editor calm, and supervising the production of the detailed appendixes and charts that help make this volume a valuable research tool. Matt Rice, a junior fellow with the project, helped immensely: first with the conference, then with the original book proposal and (before departing for law school) with the initial editing. Researchers Denis Dragovic and Janice Sung got more than they bargained for in their summer jobs, with each providing critical facts, charts, and tables (Janice on chemical and biological weapons, Denis on nuclear and missile stockpiles) and fine-tuning the chapters. Junior fellow Todd Sechser assisted with the final stages of production and fact-checking and with designing the website that complements this printed product. Project interns Bonnie Burset and Joshua Hanson provided valuable fact-checking and research assistance during the completion of the manuscript. My warm thanks also to Toni Elam, who helped plan and execute the conference, transcribe the sessions, and administer the book's production.

We could not have staged the conference without the professional services of coordinator Kim Sescoe from Special ProjX. Special thanks go to Eric Nelson and Amy Shipper from Routledge who are responsible for bringing this book to press. I would also like to thank Carnegie librarians Jennifer Little, Kathleen Daly, and Christopher Henley for their kind, precise, and incredibly rapid help in obtaining obscure research materials with a moment's notice.

Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Priscilla, and my growing children, Amy and Peter, for allowing me to put in long hours at work, have a great time doing it, and always come home to a warm and loving family.

Joseph Cirincione
Director, Non-Proliferation Project
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

For over fifteen years, scholars at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace have tracked the spread of weapons of mass destruction around the globe. During that time, the Carnegie Non-Proliferation Project has produced a steady stream of insightful analysis and reliable reports from its offices in Washington and-for the past six years-Moscow. A vital element of this research effort has been the regular Carnegie International Non-Proliferation Conferences.

Begun in 1989, the annual conference has detailed the challenges of preventing proliferation and has grown into the premier event of its type in the foreign policy field. United Nations Undersecretary-General Jayantha Dhanapala notes later in this volume, The annual Carnegie conferences have become somewhat of an institution in themselves . They have helped both to forge a global community of informed citizens that are equipped to address these challenges and to sensitize that community to the perils and pitfalls in our work to achieve these solemn goals.