Mark Tessler - The Evaluation and Application of Survey Research in the Arab World

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The Evaluation and Application of Survey Research in the Arab World

About the Book and Authors

At a time when survey research is increasingly being conducted in the Arab world, there is also growing concern about the degree to which research assumptions and methods developed in the West are appropriate for use in the study of Arab society. This book assesses the application and limits of survey research performed in the Arab world, reviews the surveys currently being used to study public attitudes and behavior patterns, and discusses epistemological, methodological, and ethical issues associated with these studies. Readers are alerted to normative and empirical considerations bearing on the quality of survey research and given practical suggestions for innovation in the design and execution of survey research and in the analysis of survey data. The book raises intellectual issues of concern to all who seek to better understand Arab society and provides extensive information about attitudes and behavior in the Arab world.

Mark A. Tessler teaches political science at the University of WisconsinMilwaukee and is faculty associate of the Universities Field Staff International. Monte Palmer teaches political science at Florida State University. Tawfic E. Farah is director of the Middle East Research Group and editor of the Journal of Arab Affairs. Barbara Lethem Ibrahim is a program officer with the Ford Foundation in Cairo.

The Evaluation and Application of Survey Research in the Arab World

Mark A. Tessler ,
Monte Palmer ,
Tawfic E. Farah , and
Barbara Lethem Ibrahim

First published 1987 by Westview Press

Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1987 by Mark A. Tessler, Monte Palmer, Tawfic E. Farah, and Barbara Lethem Ibrahim

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Evaluation and application of survey research
in the Arab world.
(Westview special studies on the Middle East)
Chiefly papers from a conference held in Bellagio,
Italy, in June 1983 which was sponsored by
the Rockefeller Foundation.
1. Social sciencesResearchArab countries Congresses. 2. Evaluation research (Social action programs)Arab countriesCongresses. 3. Social surveysArab countriesCongresses. 4. Arab countriesResearchCongresses. I. Tessler, Mark A.
II. Rockefeller Foundation. III. Series.
H62.5.A65E94 1987 300'.723 86-28097

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-29192-1 (hbk)

Contents

Guide

Many individuals and institutions helped to make this book possible. Much of the book is based on information presented at an international conference supported by generous grants from the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation. The Rockefeller Foundation hosted the sixday meeting in June 1983 at its Study and Conference Center in Bellagio, Italy, which is certainly one of the finest conference facilities anywhere. A grant from the Ford Foundation in Cairo, administered by the American University in Cairo, supported attendance by Arab scholars residing in the Middle East. The Ford Foundation also provided important administrative support during the planning of the conference and the preparation of this book. The generosity of each of these institutions is gratefully acknowledged.

The conference was planned by a six-member committee composed of Tawfic Farah, Barbara Ibrahim, Saad Eddin Ibrahim, Ann Lesch, Monte Palmer, and Mark Tessler. Various members of this working group prepared the grant proposals and organized and convened the Bellagio conference. Special thanks are due to Saad Eddin Ibrahim and Ann Lesch, whose other commitments prevented them from coauthoring this book but who made critical contributions to the planning and administration of the meeting at Bellagio. The success of the conference is also the result of the valuable contributions of the twenty-four Arab and U.S. social scientists who attended the meeting. These individuals are identified in .

The planning of the conference and preparation of the book were also made possible by Fulbright grants from the U.S. Information Agency. Conference proceedings were transcribed by Princess Palmer and Monte Palmer, whose work was supported by the Middle East Research Group. Under a Fulbright Islamic Civilization grant, Mark Tessler then edited the proceedings and assumed principal responsibility for assembling the present collection. Valuable suggestions concerning several aspects of the project were offered by the Office of Research of the U.S. Information Agency. The support and assistance of each of these agencies is acknowledged with sincere appreciation.

Mark A. Tessler

Monte Palmer

Tawfic E. Farah
Barbara Lethem Ibrahim

Mark A. Tessler

Survey research, which involves administration of a questionnaire or interview schedule to a sample of respondents and subsequent analysis of the data collected, is one of the most important instruments of systematic social inquiry in the United States and Europe. It is the foundation of most studies of individual attitudes and behavior, and it is also widely used to acquire information about social aggregates.

Although in recent years survey research has become common in the Arab world and in other developing areas, its use is still in an early stage and there are many obstacles to its full and proper employment. The present book deals with the ways that surveys can and should be utilized to study social reality in the Arab world. Its goal is to contribute to more and better quality survey research in the future, and it examines the kinds of problems that must be solved if such research is to achieve its potential. Relevant problems are present in areas related to methodology, epistemology, cumulativeness, ethics, and the general context of social research in the Arab world. In addition, the book explores the limits as well as the applicability of survey research as an investigatory tool for the study of Arab society. As elsewhere, surveys conducted in the Arab world can be and sometimes have been of poor quality. Thus, this book discusses not only the ways that surveys can be used productively but also the conditions under which they are unlikely to produce findings that are relevant or accurate.

Survey research often needs to be combined with other research procedures to be maximally useful. Further, on occasion, surveys should be eschewed entirely in favor of methodologies better suited to the investigation of a particular topic. Nevertheless, survey research is establishing itself as a standard and widely used tool in the research arsenal of social scientists practicing their craft in the Arab world. The frequency of surveys is increasing, and many have been carried out with care and have produced important results. Such studies demonstrate that survey research can contribute meaningfully to the twin goals of understanding Arab society better and providing information that will assist in solving practical problems and achieving development-related goals.

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