Karl Sandstrom - Local Interests and American Foreign Policy: Why International Interventions Fail

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Local Interests and American Foreign Policy

This book provides an alternative perspective on how social interest-groups form and interact to affect interventions. It combines historic, sociological and international relations perspectives in a framework through which to view the relevant sociopolitical dynamics in target societies. At a time when American foreign policy seeks to redefine its objectives and its methods of intervention, the monolithic ideological assumptions of the state as the panacea to all social ailments, both as a format and a vehicle of norm delivery, seemingly dooms American foreign policy and European allies to the repetition of old mistakes.

In environments where interests and priorities are shaped on a highly localized basis, interventionist agendas often lack relevant meaning. This book focuses in particular on the contrast between the assumptions inherent in Western interventionist strategies and social interest formation in Afghanistan, Somaliland, and Somalia. Based on extensive fieldwork, the book draws on available literature and on interviews with local population and international aid and development workers. The conclusion is that in the cases examined, the agency of local interest groups largely controls the outcome of external strategies.

This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of US Foreign Policy, International Relations and Security Studies.

Karl Sandstrom recently finished a two-year project with the University of Bristol during which he spent close to nine months doing research in Afghanistan. Karl now works as a freelance consultant and retains a strong research interest in Afghanistan, Somalia, interventions and social mobilization.

Routledge studies in US foreign policy

Edited by

Inderjeet Parmar

University of Manchester

and

John Dumbrell

University of Durham

This new series sets out to publish high-quality works by leading and emerging scholars critically engaging with United States Foreign Policy. The series welcomes a variety of approaches to the subject and draws on scholarship from international relations, security studies, international political economy, foreign policy analysis and contemporary international history.

Subjects covered include the role of administrations and institutions, the media, think tanks, ideologues and intellectuals, elites, transnational corporations, public opinion, and pressure groups in shaping foreign policy, US relations with individual nations, with global regions and global institutions and Americas evolving strategic and military policies.

The series aims to provide a range of booksfrom individual research monographs and edited collections to textbooks and supplemental reading for scholars, researchers, policy analysts, and students.

United States Foreign Policy and National Identity in the 21st Century

Edited by Kenneth Christie

New Directions in US Foreign Policy

Edited by Inderjeet Parmar, Linda B. Miller and Mark Ledwidge

Americas Special Relationships

Foreign and domestic aspects of the politics of alliance

Edited by John Dumbrell and Axel R Schfer

US Foreign Policy in Context

National ideology from the founders to the Bush doctrine

Adam Quinn

The United States and NATO since 9/11

The transatlantic alliance renewed

Ellen Hallams

Soft Power and US Foreign Policy

Theoretical, historical and contemporary perspectives

Edited by Inderjeet Parmar and Michael Cox

The US Public and American Foreign Policy

Edited by Andrew Johnstone and Helen Laville

American Foreign Policy and Postwar Reconstruction

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Jeff Bridoux

Neoconservatism and American Foreign Policy

A critical analysis

Danny Cooper

US Policy Towards Cuba

Since the Cold War

Jessica F. Gibbs

Constructing US Foreign Policy

The curious case of Cuba

David Bernell

Race and US Foreign Policy

The African-American foreign affairs network

Mark Ledwidge

Gender Ideologies and Military Labor Markets in the U.S.

Saskia Stachowitsch

Prevention, Pre-Emption and the Nuclear Option

From Bush to Obama

Aiden Warren

Corporate Power and Globalization in US Foreign Policy

Edited by Ronald W. Cox

West Africa and the US War on Terror

Edited by George Klay Kieh and Kelechi Kalu

Constructing Americas Freedom Agenda for the Middle East

Oz Hassan

The Origins of the War on Terror

Lebanon, Libya and American intervention in the Middle East

Mattia Toaldo

US Foreign Policy and the Rogue State Doctrine

Alex Miles

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Edited by Michael Cox, Timothy J. Lynch and Nicolas Bouchet

Local Interests and American Foreign Policy

Why international interventions fail

Karl Sandstrom

Local Interests and American Foreign Policy

Why international interventions fail

Karl Sandstrom

First published 2013

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada

by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2013 Karl Sandstrom

The right of Karl Sandstrom to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Sandstrom, Karl, 1975

Local interests and American foreign policy : why international interventions fail / Karl Sandstrom.

pages cm (Routledge studies in us foreign policy)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. United StatesForeign relations1989 2. United StatesMilitary policy. 3. National securityUnited States. 4. Pressure groupsDeveloping countries. I. Title.

E840.S237 2013

327.7300904dc23 2012048643

ISBN: 978-0-415-65954-3 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-203-79611-5 (ebk)

Typeset in Times New Roman

by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear

Contents

Consolidation of territory through external pressure and internal projection

The historical background produces structural and ideational conditions that in turn produce emergent properties through interaction

Structural and ideational institutions are shaped by the emergent properties

Structural and ideational institutions shape the distribution of social interests, the formation of social agents and actors, and the situational logics they face

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