Donald Sassoon - Contemporary Italy: Economy, Society and Politics Since 1945

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Contemporary Italy

Contemporary Italy

Economy, Society and Politics since 1945

Donald Sassoon

First published 1986 by Addison Wesley Longman Limited

Second Edition 1997

Published 2013 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1986, 1997, Taylor & Francis.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notices

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

ISBN 13: 978-0-582-21428-6 (pbk)

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Set by 35 in 10/12pt Times

To
Philip Sassoon
may he live a long life in a better Italy

Contents

AC	Azione Cattolica
ACLI	Associazione Cristiana dei Lavoratori Italiani (Association of Italian Christian Workers)
AN	Alleanza Nazionale
ARCI	Associazione Ricreativa Culturale Italiana
BOT	Buoni del Tesoro (Treasury bonds)
CA	Constituent Assembly
CAP	Common Agricultural Policy
CCD	Centro Cristiano Democratico (Christian Democratic Centre)
CGIL	Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro
CISL	Confederazione Italiana dei Sindacati dei Lavoratori
CISNAL	Confederazione Italiana Sindacati Nazionale dei Lavoratori
CPSU	Communist Party of the Soviet Union
DC	Democrazia Cristiana (Christian Democratic Party)
EEC	European Economic Community
EGAM	Italian State Mining Company
EMS	European Monetary System
ENEL	Ente Nazionale per lEnergia Electrica
ENI	Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi
ERM	Exchange Rate Mechanism
ERP	European Recovery Programme
FIM	Federazione Italiana Metallurgici (Italian engineering union)
FIOM	Federazione Impiegati Operai Metallurgici (Engineering union)
IRI	Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale
ISTAT	Istituto Centrale di Statistica (Italian State Statistical Office)
MSI	Movimento Sociale Italiano (Italian Social Movement)
NAP	Nuclei Armati Proletari
NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization
OECD	Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OPEC	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
PCI	Partito Comunista Italiano
PDS	Partito Democratico della Sinistra (Democratic Party of the Left)
PDUP	Partito di Unit Proletaria (Party of Proletarian Unity)
PLI	Partito Liberale Italiano (Liberal Party)
PPI	Partito Popolare Italiano (Italian Peoples Party)
PR	Proportional representation
PRI	Partito Repubblicano Italiano
PSI	Partito Socialista Italiano
PSDI	Partito Social Democratico Italiano
PSIUP	Partito Socialista di Unit Proletaria
PSU	Partito Socialista Unificato (Unified Socialist Party)
RAI	Radiotelevisione Italiana
RC	Rifondazione Comunista (Communist Refoundation)
SME	Small and medium-sized enterprise
STVP	Sdtiroler Volkspartei (South Tyrol Peoples Party)
SVIMEZ	Associazione per lo Sviluppo Industriale del Mezzogiorno (Association for Southern Industrial Development)
UDI	Unione Donne Italiane (Union of Italian Women)
UIL	Unione Italiana del Lavoro (Union of Italian Labour)
UNRRA	United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

This book is an introduction to one of the largest European democracies.

Italy was united relatively recently. It became a nation-state in 1861, but Rome became its capital only ten years later. As a geographical entity (as Metternich called it) its history is more ancient and rich. Italy has given the world the poetry of Dante and the art of the Renaissance, the political theory of Machiavelli and the science of Galileo. It has produced the first international banking system, great explorers, famous composers.

Italy under a constitutional monarchy after 1861 gave the world also the first model of a modern authoritarian state, the fascist state. Since 1946 it has been a parliamentary republic. From 1946 to 199293 its politics was dominated a Christian democratic party (DC) which, although in power was opposed by a large and relatively successful communist party, always unable to come to power. I concluded the first edition which appeared in 1986 with these apparently pessimistic words: Thus with a governing party which no longer knows how to rule and an opposition which has never governed, and perhaps never will, Italy faces the future.

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