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Judith Brett - Robert Menzies Forgotten People

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Judith Brett Robert Menzies Forgotten People
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In 1941, RG Menzies delivered to war-time Australia what was to be his richest, most creative speech, and one of his most influential. The Forgotten People was a direct address to the Australian middle class, the people who would return him to power in 1949 and keep him there until his retirement in 1966. Who were these forgotten people? The middle class pitting their values of hard work and independence against the collectivist ethos of labour? Women, shunning the class-based politics of men? The parents of Menzies childhood in the small country town of Jeparit? And how did this relate to his fervently held belief in his status as a Briton, the boundaries of which nation were not on the Kentish Coast but at Cape York and Invercargill? Judith Brett deftly traces the links between the private and public meanings of Menzies political career. Taking us deep into both the man and the culture he represented and well beyond the restraints of conventional biography, Brett, reveals the ambivalence that lay at the heart of the Australian self-image. This is absorbing and essential reading for an understanding of the Australia that produced a Menzies - and of a prime minister who, whether loved or hated, shaped the way we imagined ourselves in the postwar world.

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ROBERT
MENZIES
FORGOTTEN
PEOPLE
JUDITH BRETT
MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY PRESS An imprint of Melbourne University Publishing Ltd - photo 1
MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY PRESS
An imprint of Melbourne University Publishing Ltd
187 Grattan Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
www.mup.com.au
First published 1992
This edition published 2007
Text Judith Brett 2007
Design and typography Melbourne University Publishing Ltd 2007
This book is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 and subsequent amendments, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means or process whatsoever without the prior written permission of the publishers.
Every attempt has been made to locate the copyright holders for material quoted in this book. Any person or organisation that may have been overlooked or misattributed may contact the publisher.
Cover design by Phil Campbell
Text design by Phil Campbell
Typeset by TypeSkill
Printed in Australia by Griffin Press, SA
National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry
Brett, Judith Margaret, 1949- .
Robert Menzies forgotten people.
2nd ed.
Bibliography.
Includes index.
ISBN 9780522853919.
1. Menzies, Robert, Sir, 18941978. 2. Menzies, Robert, Sir, 18941978 Psychology. 3. Prime ministers Australia Biography. 4. Australia Social conditions 20th century. 5. Australia Politics and government 19391945. 6. Australia Politics and government 19451965. I. Title.
994.042092
CONTENTS
CHRONOLOGY
1894
20 December: Robert Gordon Menzies born to James and Kate Menzies in Jeparit, Victoria. He was their fourth child.
18991907
Attended state schools in Jeparit and Ballarat.
1908
Topped State Scholarships Examinations, continued schooling at Grenville College, Ballarat.
1910
Family moved to Melbourne; Robert attended Wesley College.
191316
Studied law at The University of Melbourne.
1916
Graduated with first-class honours in law and won Bowen Essay Prize.
1918
Admitted to the Bar where he read with Owen Dixon.
1920
Successfully argued the Engineers Case before the High Court.
Married Pattie Leckie.
1928
Entered Legislative Council (Upper House) of Victorian Parliament as member of Nationalist Party.
1929
Appointed Kings Counsel. Won seat in Victorian Legislative Assembly (Lower House).
1932
Minister for Railways and Attorney-General in Stanley Argyles government.
1934
Contested and won the federal seat of Kooyong. Appointed Attorney-General and Minister for Industry in Joseph Lyons United Australia Party government.
1935
First trip to England as member of party attending King George Vs Silver Jubilee celebrations. Appeared before Privy Council.
1939
Lyons died suddenly of a heart attack. Menzies became leader of the UAP and Prime Minister, despite trenchant opposition from Country Party leader Earle Page. War was declared.
1941
JanuaryMay: Menzies made 4-month visit to the Middle East, Britain, Canada and United States, extending his stay in Britain three times.
August: Menzies resigned as Prime Minister; Country Party leader Arthur Fadden became Prime Minister.
October: Faddens government defeated when two independents crossed the floor. ALP, led by John Curtin, formed government. Menzies resigned from leadership of UAP; replaced by Billy Hughes.
194243
Made series of radio broadcasts, of which The Forgotten People was one.
1943
Again elected leader of the UAP. UAP suffered devastating electoral defeat.
1944
Called conferences in Albury and Canberra to discuss formation of a new non-labour party. Liberal Party of Australia formed with Menzies as federal parliamentary leader.
1946
Federal election at which Liberal Party improved position.
1949
Liberal Party won federal election, defeating Ben Chifleys Labor government.
1950
Communist Party Dissolution Bill introduced.
1951
Referendum proposals to ban Communist Party of Australia defeated.
1955
ALP split.
1963
Menzies appointed Knight of the Order of the Thistle.
1966
January: Retired as leader of the Liberal Party and as Prime Minister of Australia.
July: Installed as Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.
1978
15 May: Died.
INTRODUCTION TO NEW EDITION
T HIS BOOK BEGAN in the early 1980s, when Menzies was not long dead and I was young. Hated, loved, revered, scorned, he was a political celebrity, a cultural touchstone for Australians to organise their memories, communicate their political allegiances and mark their generational differences. For some he had borrowed glamour from his much-loved royal family, and for others he had done deeds of such political mendacity that Australia was able to feel itself part of the twentieth centurys moral and political struggles.
When the book was published in 1992 and I was doing the media rounds as a very new author, interviewers ranging from Bert Newton to Philip Adams were far more interested in telling stories about their encounters with the great man than in anything I had to say. And he was always just Menzies: the name heavy with the jowls of masculine power, but also familiar and homely. Menzies might have been the embodiment of political power, but he was ours, and in having spoken with him, seen him at a public meeting or school speech night, known his driver or an ex-neighbour, one could feel part of Australias history.
The manuscript I delivered to Hilary McPhee in 1991 had an introductory chapter which did not survive her editors judgement about popular readability. The chapter went some way to describing the books theoretical context and methods. In my work as editor of Meanjin I had become adept at ridding academic articles of their theoretical superstructures, and I followed her advice, though with some regret. I would have liked to have shown readers how I developed my interpretations and arguments, so they could better judge what I had done with the evidence. I left clues to my theoretical sources in the choice of words, in expository half-sentences and in endnotes, but if anyone noticed the clues at the time, no one will now. Books are part of conversations, and many of the conversations this book was having are long over. In the introduction to this new edition, I want to revive some of these conversations to show the books origins in my own intellectual biography.
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