The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Recolonisation of Africa
This book argues that the fourth industrial revolution, the process of accelerated automation of traditional manufacturing and industrial practices via digital technology, will serve to further marginalise Africa within the international community.
In this book, the author argues that the looting of Africa that started with human capital and then natural resources, now continues unabated via data and digital resources looting. Developing on the notion of Coloniality of Data, the fourth industrial revolution is postulated as the final phase which will conclude Africas peregrination towards (re)colonisation. Global cartels, networks of coloniality, and tech multinational corporations have turned big data into capital, which is largely unregulated or poorly regulated in Africa as the continent lacks the strong institutions necessary to regulate the mining of data. Written from a decolonial perspective, this book employs three analytical pillars of coloniality of power, knowledge, and being.
Highlighting the crippling continuation of asymmetrical global power relations, this book will be an important read for researchers of African studies, politics, and international political economy.
Everisto Benyera is Associate Professor of African Politics at the University of South Africa.
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The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Recolonisation of Africa
The Coloniality of Data
Everisto Benyera
First published 2021
by Routledge
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and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business.
2021 Everisto Benyera
The right of Everisto Benyera to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Benyera, Everisto, author.
Title: The fourth industrial revolution and the recolonisation of Africa:
the coloniality of data / Everisto Benyera.
Other titles: Routledge contemporary Africa series.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021 . |
Series: Routledge contemporary Africa | Includes bibliographical
references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2020055922 (print) |
LCCN 2020055923 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367744151 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781003157731 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: International business enterprisesAfrica. | Data miningAfrica. |
AfricaForeign economic relationsEurope. | AfricaForeign economic
relationsUnited States. |
EuropeForeign economic relationsAfrica. |
United StatesForeign economic relationsAfrica.
Classification: LCC HF1611.Z4 E85126 2021 (print) |
LCC HF1611.Z4 (ebook) | DDC 337.604dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020055922
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020055923
ISBN: 978-0-367-74415-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-74420-5 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-15773-1 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Newgen Publishing UK
To all slaves; past, present, and future
To those slaves who do not know that they are slaves
Contents
As the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) consolidates and takes effect, humanity and other forms of life are undergoing irresistible, irreversible and universal social, economic, and legal transformation based on the massive appropriation of social life through data extraction. In the 4IR, capitalism took a new turn, away from focusing on materials and goods towards services. The 4IR is essentially a services revolution brought about by the merging of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information communication technology (ICT), among others in the process blurring the traditional boundaries between the physical, the digital, and the biological worlds. This resulted in new ways of thinking and doing, aided by vast amounts of information and data harvested from peoples daily lives, hence the Internet of Things among many technology-enabled services.
In the 4IR, the evolution of episteme has taken another turn and its relation to being which once again excludes the black people, broadly defined. With the history of exclusion, slavery, colonialism, and perpetual denial into personhood, black people are still struggling to be part of the thinking beings and always grapple with how to enter the realm of knowledge production. Stated differently, black people, the majority of them African, lack the right to rights. The 4IR will undoubtedly complicate the quest for black people to enter and be accepted into the realm of humanity.
In the 4IR, the thinking and cognitive space has new entrants, trans-humans, robo-humans, and other forms of enhanced humanity who occupy an ontological position higher than that of black people. The 4IR is therefore another sad moment in the life of black people as they slide lower and lower on the ontological ladder, whose apex is occupied by white Caucasian males and the bottom is occupied by black women.
Knowledge production is shifting from the human being towards online entities that are now playing the role of cognitive thinking, imagination, and creativity. Intelligence is now artificial, and AI is now responsible for the creation of a new reality to which we all belong to.