John Chipman - Natos Southern Allies: Internal and External Challenges

An Atlantic Institute for International Affairs
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An Atlantic Institute for International Affairs
Research Volume

ROUTLEDGE
London and New York

First published in 1988 by
Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004.

Published in the USA by
Routledge
in association with Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Inc.
29 West 35th Street, New York NY 10001

1988 Atlantic Institute for International Affairs

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

NATOs southern allies: internal and external
challenges.(An Atlantic Institute for
International Affairs research volume).
1. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
2. Security, International 3. Europe,
SouthernStrategic aspects
I. Chipman, John II. Series
355'.031'091821 UA646.3
ISBN 0-415-00485-3

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

ISBN 0-203-16850-X Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-203-26369-3 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0-415-00485-3 (Print Edition)

This is a study of the domestic sources of defence and foreign policy in Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and Turkey. With the exception of Italy, these countries have had recent experiences of authoritarian rule and significant internal turmoil that have affected both the perceptions of external threat and the manner in which policy is formed within the Atlantic Alliance. Each of the national studies was commissioned from a citizen of the country concerned. Meeting in Paris in early 1985, the authors decided that each should address four points: first, the historical constants which have affected the formation of security policy; second, the domestic tensions that determine the nature and form of defence and foreign policy; third, the relationship between the domestic and international environment with a view to examining the interplay between the two; and, fourth, the future changes in security policy which may be expected and how these may be influenced by internal developments. Each of the authors has, in his own fashion, followed this agenda thus assuring both consistency between the chapters and the preservation of national perspectives. As this book was conceived largely as a comparative examination of the other countries in NATOs Southern Periphery, the chapter on Italy is intentionally narrower in scope and approach: it concentrates on recent developments and analyses the Italian debate on the question of whether Italy could or should come to play a larger role in Mediterranean security. In addition, an attempt is made to describe the general security situation for the Alliance in the Mediterranean and to compare the national attitudes of these countries towards Western security problems in the Southern Region.

The chapter drafts were discussed at a conference in Castelgandolfo, Italy in 1985. The Institute is grateful to the U.S. Mission to NATO which contributed to the costs of this meeting. The conference brought together government officials, diplomats, academics and journalists from the countries under study as well as from other Alliance nations. The drafts were revised on the basis of the discussions and later rewritten after an authors workshop in 1986.

John Chipman would like to thank Dr. Gregory Flynn for helping him organize both the study as a whole and his own chapters. Numerous NATO officials and leading personalities of the countries examined in this book gave him their impressions of the situation in southern Europe during interviews held in 1985 and 1986. Mr. Diego Ruiz Palmer of the BDM Corporation helped to correct a number of errors in successive drafts of chapters 1 and 2. Andra Hecht and Ann Proctor, of the Atlantic Institute, did some editing and the in-house typing of materials. Thelma Black reviewed the manuscript and made final corrections. Although the editor received considerable support in the preparation of this book, none of the individuals who kindly assisted can be made responsible for its contents.

The Atlantic Institute for International Affairs is particularly grateful to the Rockefeller Foundation for the grant that made this book possible.

Andrew J.Pierre