Peter Newman - Planning World Cities: Globalization and Urban Politics

Series Editors: Yvonne Rydin and Andrew Thornley

The context in which planning operates has changed dramatically in recent years. Economic processes have become increasingly globalized and new spatial patterns of economic activity have emerged. There have been major political changes across the globe, not just changing administrations in various countries but also the sweeping away of old ideologies and the tentative emergence of new ones. A new environmental agenda emerged from the Brundtland Report and the Rio Earth Summit, prioritizing the goal of sustainable development. The momentum for this has been maintained by continued action at international, national and local levels.

Cities are today faced with new pressures for economic competitiveness, greater accountability and participation, improved quality of life for citizens and global environmental responsibilities. These pressures are often contradictory and create difficult dilemmas for policy-makers, especially in the context of fiscal austerity. New relationships are developing between the levels of state activity and between public and private sectors as different interests respond to the new conditions.

In these changing circumstances, planners, from many backgrounds, in many different organizations, have come to re-evaluate their work. They have had to engage with actors in government, the private sector and non-governmental organizations in discussions over the role of planning in relation to the environment and cities. The intention of the Planning, Environment, Cities series is to explore the changing nature of planning and contribute to the debate about its future.

The series is primarily aimed at students and practitioners of planning and such related professions as estate management, housing and architecture as well as in politics, public and social administration, geography and urban studies. It comprises both general texts and books designed to make a more particular contribution, in both cases characterized by an international approach, extensive use of case studies, and emphasis on contemporary relevance and the application of theory to advance planning practice.

Series Editors: Yvonne Rydin and Andrew Thornley

Philip Allmendinger
Planning Theory

Patsy Healey
Collaborative Planning

Peter Newman and Andrew Thornley
Planning World Cities (2nd edn)

Michael Oxley
Economics, Planning and Housing

Yvonne Rydin
Urban and Environmental Planning in the UK (2nd edn)

Geoff Vigar, Patsy Healey and Angela Hull (with Simin Davoudi)
Planning, Governance and Spatial Strategy in Britain

Anna Davies, Bob Evans and Sue Percy
Environmental Policy and Planning in Britain

Ruth Fincher and Kurt Iveson
Planning for Difference, Diversity and Encounter

Ted Kitchen
Skills for Planning Practice

Introduction to Planning
Urban Design

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Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England

Peter Newman and Andy Thornley 2005, 2011

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission.

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Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

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First edition 2005
This edition published 2011 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN

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ISBN: 9780230247314 hardback
ISBN: 9780230247321 paperback

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When we first formulated the idea for this book one of our reviewers said that the proposal was ambitious but would be fun to do. The reviewer was right on both counts. The idea came to us in 1995 when we completed our book Urban Planning in Europe (Routledge) and were stimulated by the thought of extending our geographical coverage to other parts of the world. So this book on world cities has had a long period of germination and development. This has meant that we have built up a debt of gratitude to a large number of people for help along the way, although of course we take full responsibility for the outcome. Our spatial ambition has also meant that we have sought guidance from academics and practitioners with a deep knowledge of their own particular city. We would like to thank everyone who has so generously devoted their time and knowledge, and apologize that we are not able to mention everyone by name. Over the years we have also been supported by the views and enthusiasm of many cohorts of excellent students from all over the world through our teaching on the LSE Masters in Regional and Urban Planning Studies, and would like to thank them for their input into the project. Our research has benefited from a number of grants, that we acknowledge below, and these have been particularly valuable in enabling us to spend time in the various cities we have been exploring.