David Fulford - Small-scale Rural Biogas Programmes

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Praise for this book

This book provides an excellent practical overview of biogas extension programmes, discussing challenges faced in different parts of the world, and the initiation and management of implementation programmes. It provides a clear overview of how anaerobic digestion actually works, focusing on design aspects that will help the reader to select a digester design, set it up and keep it going. It deals with the equipment needed to use the gas, and the important issue of how to use the valuable bioslurry residue produced by the digestion process. The book is thorough and well written from a practical perspective. I highly recommend it to anyone interested in practical implementation of small-scale digesters in rural areas.

Jo Smith, Professor of soil organic matter and nutrient modelling, University of Aberdeen, UK

David Fulfords extensive knowledge of biogas through decades of work in the UK and particularly overseas has been brought into this excellent and timely book which is concerned with technical aspects of biogas use in rural communities.

Maria M. Vahdati is a lecturer in Renewable Energy at the University of Reading, UK.

Anyone involved in biogas work will treasure this book because it provides details of the science of biogas, implementation and management of biogas programmes. David Fulford once again helps us think more clearly about important issues in rural biogas implementation.

Vianney Tumwesige of Green Heat (U) Ltd, Kampala, Uganda

Small-scale Rural Biogas Programmes is an excellent update in the field of biogas, which is a potential source of fuel around us. It is a useful reading material for Students of Environmental Science, and a reliable reference for those beginning and running biogas programmes.

Ainea Kimaro won the Ashden Awards 2005 and is the Managing Director for Biogas and Solar Co. Ltd, Bagamoyo Tanzania

Practical Action Publishing Ltd

The Schumacher Centre

Bourton on Dunsmore, Rugby,

Warwickshire CV23 9QZ, UK

www.practicalactionpublishing.org

David Fulford, 2015

ISBN 978-1-85339-849-0 Hardback

ISBN 978-1-85339-850-6 Paperback

ISBN 978-1-78044-849-7 Library Ebook

ISBN 978-1-78044-850-3 Ebook

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without the written permission of the publishers.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

The author has asserted his rights under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as author of this work.

Fulford, D. (2015) Small-scale, rural biogas programmes,

Rugby, UK: Practical Action Publishing

Since 1974, Practical Action Publishing has published and disseminated books and information in support of international development work throughout the world. Practical Action Publishing is a trading name of Practical Action Publishing Ltd (Company Reg. No. 1159018), the wholly owned publishing company of Practical Action. Practical Action Publishing trades only in support of its parent charity objectives and any profits are covenanted back to Practical Action (Charity Reg. No. 247257, Group VAT Registration No. 880 9924 76).

Cover photo: Nepali woman cooking with biogas.
Credit: David Fulford

Cover design by Mercer Design

Indexed by Liz Fawcett

Typeset by Allzone Digital Services Limited

Printed by Replika Press

Contents

Figures

Dr David Fulford is in a unique position to write this book on biogas extension programmes. He was involved in the national biogas programme in Nepal, as part of the biogas team in Developing and Consulting Services (DCS) of United Mission to Nepal (UMN) under Sanfred Ruohoniemi. He and the rest of the team (Andrew Bulmer, John Finlay and Mamie Lau Wong) wrote an extended report for USAID, which was published by UMN (Biogas: Challenges and Experience from Nepal). He rewrote this report as a book ( Running a Biogas Programme: A handbook ), published by Practical Action Publishing (then Intermediate Technology Publishing) in 1988. After doing a PhD, he taught on an MSc course on renewable energy at the University of Reading. After leaving in 2007, he set up Kingdom Bioenergy Ltd (www.kingdombio.com) to do consulting work.

One consulting contract was as an assessor for Ashden (www.ashden.org), which enabled him to visit many renewable energy projects around the world, including several biogas extension programmes. He led a team that did a mid-term evaluation of the UNDP funded project in Nepal in 1990 that followed the one started under UMN and was on a team that evaluated the Nepal and Asia Biogas Programme run by SNV (Netherlands Development Organisation) in 2012.

David Fulford is a founding trustee of Foundation SKG Sangha (www.foundationskgsangha.org), a UK registered charitable company, set up with Vidya Sagar Devabhaktuni and Kiran Kumar Kudaravalli of SKG Sangha in Kolar, South India, to encourage biogas extension work.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank those who have checked the manuscript of the book. My wife, Jane, checked and improved my grammar. Dr Marty Climenhaga of Southampton University checked several chapters and offered useful improvements to . Acknowledgements are given to Govinda Devkota, who provided a copy of his book, which was published in Nepal and gives details of the technology used by BSP in Nepal.

The photographs in the book were all taken by me, although some were taken as part of Ashden assessment visits. The figures were all drawn by me. Some are based on dimensions taken from other publications.

ABS	Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (a type of plastic)
ADB	Asian Development Bank
ADB/N	Agriculture Development Bank, Nepal
ADBL	Agriculture Development Bank Limited (Nepal)
ADM1	Advanced Digestion Model 1
AEPC	Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (Nepal)
AFPRO	Action for Food Production (Indian NGO)
ARTI	Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (Pune, Indian NGO)
BARC	Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (Mumbai, India)
BARD	Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development
BARI	Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
BCC	Biogas Coordinating Committee
BCSIR	Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
BOD

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