COMMERCIAL NETWORKS IN MODERN ASIA
COMMERCIAL NETWORKS IN MODERN ASIA
Edited by
S. Sugiyama
and
Linda Grove
First Published in 2001
by Curzon Press
Published 2013 by Routledge
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Editorial Matter 2001 S. Sugiyama and Linda Grove
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ISBN 13: 978-0-700-71419-3 (hbk)
Contents
Linda Grove and S. Sugiyama
Tanimoto Masayuki
Kimura Kenji
Hamashita Takeshi
Furuta Kazuko
Linda Grove
Man-houng Lin
S. Sugiyama
K.C. Fok
Sherman Cochran
Peter Post
Kagotani Naoto
Miki Sayako
Sakamoto Tsutomu
Ian Brown
S.D. Chapman
Anthony Reid
Import of Cotton Goods to Japan, 18601900
Yokohama Import Trade in 1876
Kosugiya Motozs Commercial Activities Regarding Imported Goods, 1865
Kurimoris Suppliers
Kosugiya Motozs Commercial Journey to Niigata and Yamagata, 1870
Distribution of Imported Yarn, 187879
Takizawas Balance Sheet, March 1885
Yokohama Cotton Yarn Import Trade, 1876
Links between Yarn Purchases and Sales
A Chronological Table of the Life of Kameya Aisuke
Japanese Traders and their Vessels in Pusan, 1889
Kameyas Related Companies, 1921
Gold and Silver Trade in Inchon, 188693
Import and Export Trade of Inchon and Pusan with Japan and China, 188593
Trade in Gold, Silver and Commodities at Inchon and Pusan, 188593
Chinese Merchants in Inchon and Seoul by Native Place (Individuals)
Junk Traffic at Inchon in 1884
Zhifu Shops with Branches or Business Connections in Japan, Korea or Vladivostok
Annual Averages of Imports of Sugar to China by Type
Annual Averages of Net Imports of Sugar by Region, 191012
Accounts of the Taikoo Sugar Refinery, 18841935
Dates of Opening of the Taikoo Sugar Refinery Agencies in Operation on 30 June 1924
Numbers of Main and Sub-agencies and their Annual Sales of Taikoo Sugar
Sugar Deliveries in the Yangzi Valley
Tiger Balm Branches, 1937
Composition of the Indies Imports Destined for the Indigenous Population, 192833
Dividends of Large European Trading Companies in the Netherlands East Indies
Indian Cotton Business of Mitsui Bussans Bombay Branch
Ty Menkas Upcountry Purchasing, Volume and Costs
Ty Menkas Profits from the Indian Cotton Trade and the Relative Weight of Each Branch
Grain Purchase Quotas
General Statement exhibiting the prime cost and total cost, proceeds and net loss of grain stored in the Public Granaries from their institution in November 1794 to 30th April 1803
Irans Raw Silk Exports
Ottoman Silkworm Import Merchants Resident at Rasht
Cocoon Exporters and Agents, 1906
Domestic Demand for Cotton Cloth
Merchant Networks
Grey Shirtings Reexported from Shanghai to Korea
Inchon Imports by Country of Origin (188593)
Foreign Exchange Rate, 18701910
Tianjin Import-Export Trade, 18671931
Tianjin Import Items, 18671913
Exports of Cotton and Wool from Tianjin, 18671931
Tianjin Shirtings and Sheetings Imports, 18671931
Tianjin Cotton Yarn Imports, 18791931
Financial Resources of Gaoyang Wholesale Firms
The Grain Trading System
Grain Exports from Calcutta by Value
Ethnic Trading Groups Working with U.K. Merchants in theNineteenth Century
China and Korea
Southeast Asia
Maritime Zones of Asia
Japanese Weaving Districts and Trading Routes
East Asia in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century
Chinese Frontier Markets
Aw Boon-haws Commercial Empire
Cotton Producing Areas in India
Sites of the Public Granaries in Bengal in 1794
Trade Routes in Western Asia
The joint research project for which these essays were written began out of informal discussion between five of the authors (Sugiyama, Grove, Hamashita, Furuta and Tanimoto) in 1990. On the basis of the informal discussions, we carried out a three-year joint research project from 19921994, sponsored by the Center for Area Studies at Keio University. During that time, we received financial support from the Takahashi Industrial and Economic Research Foundation. In the spring of 1994 we held a weekend workshop at Atami, which was attended by all of the authors as well as one of the commentators, Ian Brown. The papers were then presented at the 11th International Economic History Congress in Milan in August 1994, and at that time Stanley Chapman and Anthony Reid served as commentators. The papers were rewritten and published in a Japanese volume, Kindai Ajia no Ryts Nettowku, by Sbunsha, in 1999. Two of the essays for this English edition, those by Hamashita Takeshi and Furuta Kazuko, were translated by Frank Baldwin. We would also like to acknowledge the editorial assistance of Miki Sayako.
China and Korea
Southeast Asia
Linda Grove and S. Stlgiyama
Rapid growth of the East Asian economies in the post-war period, particularly in the last twenty years, has attracted world-wide interest and led to numerous studies of the secrets of Asian success. It is generally agreed that international trade as a central part of export-oriented development strategies played a crucial role in Asian development. Intra-Asian commercial networks, which had linked together the different regions of Asia for hundreds of years, were one of the foundations on which the export-oriented development strategies were built. Understanding the commercial networks that facilitated the development of intra-Asian trade is thus a key issue for those interested in Asian history, as well as for those interested in the contemporary Asian economy.1
This book brings together an international group of scholars to explore Asian commercial networks on a stage that stretches from Yokohama to Istanbul. The studies look at trade in a wide variety of commodities, focusing on the trading firms and merchant groups which were the chief actors in the creation of the networks and at the infrastructure that their activities created. The common theme, running through all of our essays, is a concern for the role of commercial networks. In recent years numerous scholars have focused on network-style practices as the characteristic that most sharply distinguishes Asian business practices from those of the modern, corporate-based business society of the West.2 While the general literature on networks among Asian business groups has boomed, there have been few case studies which have provided sufficient detail to allow for deeper analysis, or to show, over time, how such network practices actually aided the development of business and trade. Our case studies were designed to fill this lacuna by providing a series of detailed explorations of the operation of commercial networks in various Asian societies.