Mayumi Ohara - English Language Teaching during Japans Post-war Occupation: Politics and Pedagogy

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English Language Teaching during Japans Post-war Occupation

In 1945 Japan had to adjust very rapidly to sudden defeat, to the arrival of the American Occupation and to the encounter with the English language and a different outlook on many aspects of society and government. This book is based on in-depth interviews with people, now aged, who were school students at the time of the Occupation and who experienced first-hand this immense cultural change. The book considers the nature of the changing outlook, including democratization, the new role for the Japanese Emperor and all this represented for the place of tradition in Japanese life, and the growing emphasis on individualism away from collectivism. It discusses the changing system of education itself, including new structures and new textbooks, and relates the feelings of the participants as they came to terms with defeat and the language and culture of the former enemy. Overall, the book provides a fascinating insight into a key period of Japanese history.

Mayumi Ohara obtained her doctorate at the University of Technology Sydney.

John Buchanan is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Technology Sydney.

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English Language Teaching during Japans Post-war Occupation

Politics and Pedagogy

Mayumi Ohara and John Buchanan

For a full list of available titles please visit: www.routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-in-the-Modern-History-of-Asia/book-series/MODHISTASIA

English Language Teaching during Japans Post-war Occupation

Politics and Pedagogy

Mayumi Ohara and John Buchanan

First published 2018

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2018 Mayumi Ohara and John Buchanan

The right of Mayumi Ohara and John Buchanan to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Ohara, Mayumi, author. | Buchanan, John (Professor of Education) author.

Title: English language teaching during Japans post-war occupation politics and pedagogy / Mayumi Ohara and John Buchanan.

Description: London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in the modern history of Asia ; 131

Identifiers: LCCN 2018009659 | ISBN 9781138068643 (hardback) | ISBN 9781315157726 (ebook) | ISBN 9781351654470 (mobipocket)

Subjects: LCSH: English languageStudy and teachingJapanHistory20th century.

Classification: LCC PE1068.J3 O33 2018 | DDC 428.0071/052dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018009659

ISBN: 978-1-138-06864-3 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-315-15772-6 (ebk)

Typeset in Times New Roman
by Apex CoVantage, LLC

Mayumis dedication
This book is dedicated to all of our interviewees, especially Chizuko, who passed away a few years prior to this publication. All interviewees were willing to help by sharing their stories, and this book could not be completed without their generosity.

Johns dedication
To adulthood, that is, to self-directed autonomy and responsibility, with a capacity for critical understanding of self and others, alongside an unslakeable thirst to ask why. And in solidarity against all who would seek to thwart such autonomy, whether through coercion, deception (including self-deception) or other means.
And to the contribution of a critical education in this pursuit.

Contents

Part I
Context

Part II
Historical background

Part III
Interviews and their implications

1. i
2. ii

Mayumis acknowledgements

First, I would like to thank my coauthor, Dr. John Buchanan, for suggesting that we publish a book together. It has been wonderful to work with him. I admire his insights, respect the wide range of his knowledge, and appreciate his patience. I would also like to thank my husband, Koichi, for being understanding and supportive. Last but not least, I wish to acknowledge my family members both in Japan and the United States for their continuous encouragement.

Johns acknowledgement

I would like to acknowledge Dr. Mayumi Oharas consistent diligent and thorough approach to this study, and, in particular, the dignity that she unfailingly accorded to her interviewees. I trust that, and am confident that, they are honored in the telling.

CEFR	Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment
CGK	Chuto Gakko Kyokasho
CIE	Civil Information and Education Section
GHQ, SCAP	General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
GSYDSI	Gakushu Shido Yoryo Detabesu Sakusei Iinkai
HiSET	Society for Historical Studies of English Teaching in Japan
IGAHHI	Iris Girls Academy Hyakunen-shi Hensan Iinkai
JACAR	Japan Center for Asian Historical Records, National Archives of Japan
MEXT	Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
MFPB	Ministry of Finance, Printing Bureau

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