Muriam Haleh Davis - Markets of Civilization: Islam and Racial Capitalism in Algeria

THEORY IN FORMS

A series edited by Nancy Rose Hunt and Achille Mbembe

MARKETS OF CIVILIZATION

Islam and Racial Capitalism in Algeria

MURIAM HALEH DAVIS

DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Durham and London 2022

2022 DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS

All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

Designed by A. Mattson Gallagher

Typeset in Garamond Premier Pro, Univers, and Clarendon

by Westchester Publishing Services

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Davis, Muriam Haleh, author.

Title: Markets of civilization : Islam and racial capitalism in Algeria / Muriam Haleh Davis.

Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021052363 (print) | LCCN 2021052364 (ebook) | ISBN 9781478015871 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781478018506 (paperback) | ISBN 9781478023104 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: RaceReligious aspects. | Islam and politicsAlgeria. | MuslimsAlgeriaEconomic conditions. | AlgeriaHistory1830-1962. | AlgeriaHistory1962-1990. | FranceColoniesEconomic policy. | AlgeriaColonial influence. | BISAC: HISTORY / Africa / North | POLITICAL SCIENCE / Colonialism & Post-Colonialism

Classification: LCC DT285 .D37 2022 (print) | LCC DT285 (ebook) | DDC 305.6/97065dc23/eng/20220420

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021052363

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021052364

Cover art: Bachir Yells, Plan Quadriennal postage stamp, Algeria, 1970s. Courtesy of the artist.

Duke University Press gratefully acknowledges the Humanities Institute at the University of California Santa Cruz, which provided funds toward the publication of this book.

For my parents

In transliterating words from Arabic, I have used a modified version of the guidelines of the International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES), omitting all diacritics except for the ayn () and hamza (). I have adopted the most common spellings for proper names (i.e., Ben Bella rather than Ibn or Bin Balla, Oran rather than Wahran), at times leaving out the ayn or hamza (as with Ferhat Abbas). In general, I have used the more common spelling in the body of the text (fellah, Abdel Nasser), but opted for a more accurate transliteration when citing these terms in the endnotes (fallah, Abd al-Nasir).

Working between common French and English transliteration produced a few inconsistencies. For example, the definite article in Arabic is often written al- in English, but I have kept the original spelling when quoting from French sources (as in El Khayen or el baraka). I have followed a similar strategy in my endnotes; when French sources use a spelling different from my transliteration, I remain true to the former. For example, while I have transliterated the term for ex-combatants from the War of Independence as anciens mujahidin in the text, the term sometimes appears as anciens moudjahidine when I cite French archives. The notes also alternate between French and English titles for organizations. I have opted to use English names when the French translation is clear (Direction of the Plan and Economic Studies, General Planning Commission), but otherwise used the original French (Caisse daccession la proprit et lexploitation rurale). My goal has been to make these terms legible for my readers so they can navigate archival catalogs or follow up on my references. In documenting the many organizations that played a role in economic development, as well as their acronyms, readers will find English translations in parentheses following the original French.