R. Paul Shaw - Mobilizing Human Resources in the Arab World (RLE Economy of Middle East)

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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS

THE ECONOMY OF THE MIDDLE EAST

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Volume 20

MOBILIZING HUMAN RESOURCES IN

THE ARAB WORLD

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First published 1983

This edition first published in 2015
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1983 R. Paul Shaw

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-138-78710-0 (set)
eISBN: 978-1-315-74408-7 (set)
ISBN: 978-1-138-81051-8 (Volume 20)
eISBN: 978-1-315-74480-3 (Volume 20)

Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and wouldwelcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.

First published 1983
by Kegan Paul International Ltd
39 Store Street,
London WC1E 7DD,
9 Park Street,
Boston, Mass. 02108, USA and
296 Beaconsfield Parade. Middle Park,
Melbourne, 3206, Australia
Set in Press Roman by
Cambrian Typesetters, Farnborough
and printed in Great Britain by
The Thetford Press Ltd
Thetford, Norfolk
R. Paul Shaw 1983
No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form without permission from the
publisher, except for the quotation of brief
passages in criticism

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Shaw, R. Paul.
Mobilizing human resources in the Arab world
(Arab world studies)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Manpower policy - Arab countries
I. Title. II. Series.
HD5836.A6S5 1983 331. IV 091T492 7 82-216 71

ISBN 0-7103-0040-9

For Buff and the Arab people
May the richness of their culture survive the onslaught of modern
technology

Contents

Tables

Appendix Tables

Figures

This book is an outgrowth of my experience as the Population and Labour Policies Adviser to the Arab Countries for the International Labour Organization. When I first took up residence in the Arab world, I learned four things very quickly. I found that much of my training in development theory was inappropriate for the newly emergent capitalrich/labor-short Arab economies. I found that the use of sophisticated econometric techniques which tend to dominate the development literature in Western journals was virtually ruled out by data of limited quantity and quality. I recognized that the only meaningful way to size up the rapid pace of economic events in the region was to experience many of the countries first hand. And finally, I came to appreciate and admire the extent to which the Arab people are intent on attaining self-sufficiency and self-reliance in their pursuit of growth and development.

In view of the above, work on this book began by piecing together an overview of major problems and issues in countries of the Middle East and North Africa. My visits with domestic and regional planners produced two dominant impressions which were to have an important effect on the direction I have taken. On the one hand, planners seemed genuinely excited and well informed about growth-related investments in the major oil exporting countries. They were also a rich source of information concerning growth-related problems in their own countries as well as the irrelevance or failure of many standard approaches to their problems. On the other hand, they seemed far less enthusiastic, informed or attentive on the subject of development-related problems. This was particularly evident when rather broad human resource issues pertaining to, say, poverty in agriculture, population distribution, or manpower planning were treated superficially or were passed off as being unique or limited to a particular country or countries. This led me to believe that a synthesis or overview of human resource problems and prospects in the region was much needed.

This book consolidates empirical information with a view to shifting the balance from a preoccupation with growth-related investments to a concentration on development-related population, manpower and employment issues. It aims to identify population or manpower problems that are likely to become more fully entrenched if neglected at this early stage of Arab development. By focusing on five broad problem areas which are directly or indirectly related to mobilizing human resources, the book should be of interest to students of population, migration, employment, inequality, the emancipation of women, construction and agriculture. By proposing policy directives which are sensitive to the problems as perceived by the Arab governments themselves, the book should also offer something of pragmatic worth to Arab planners and policy-makers. Finally, the book should be useful as a reference source. It consolidates a vast amount of empirical information in one volume and contains recent data, in varying depth, on some twenty Arab countries.

On the whole, I am optimistic that the new found wealth and motivation of Arab governments will be brought swiftly to bear on human resource problems which are dehabilitating development progress in the region. At the same time, however, I am apprehensive about a most important ingredient of successful development in the region, namely regional economic cooperation and integration. My concern over this issue stems from the reality that hostilities and friction exist among so many countries in the region. To my mind, governments must take more positive steps toward promoting more stable forms of economic cooperation and integration among oil-rich and oil-poor countries alike. Otherwise, it is my opinion that the Arab dream of economic self-sufficiency and collective self-reliance will remain rhetoric for a long time to come.

R. Paul Shaw
Vancouver,
Canada

One of the most rewarding aspects of working on this book concerns the support and encouragement that I have received during its preparation. Foremost, I am grateful to Canadas International Development Research Centre, its 197980 Research Associate Award, and the kind logistical help of Louise Rohonczy and Reginald Maclntyre. These alone have enabled me to pursue my work uninterrupted.

Thanks are also due to my friends at the International Labour Office (Geneva). Kailas Doctor, Ghazi Farooq, Richard Anker, Roger Bohning and Henry Azzam have all come to my rescue at one time or another. To Ann Mortifee and Henry Azzam, I am especially grateful. During our residence in war-torn Beirut and our field work in at least a dozen Arab countries, they have been indispensable friends during times of elation, frustration and outright disillusionment.

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