R. Paul Shaw - Genetic Seeds of Warfare: Evolution, Nationalism, and Patriotism

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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS:
SECURITY AND SOCIETY

Volume 11

GENETIC SEEDS OF WARFARE

GENETIC SEEDS OF WARFARE

Evolution, Nationalism, and Patriotism

R. PAUL SHAW AND YUWA WONG

First published in 1989 by Unwin Hyman

This edition first published in 2021

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1989 by R. Paul Shaw and Yuwa Hedrick-Wong

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-0-367-56733-0 (Set)

ISBN: 978-1-00-312078-0 (Set) (ebk)

ISBN: 978-0-367-61527-7 (Volume 11) (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-00-310545-9 (Volume 11) (ebk)

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer

The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.

Genetic Seeds of Warfare

Evolution, Nationalism, and Patriotism

R. PAUL SHAW
AND YUWA WONG

Copyright 1989 by Unwin Hyman, Inc.
This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. No reproduction without permission.
All rights reserved.

Unwin Hyman, Inc.,
8 Winchester Place, Winchester, MA 01890, USA

Published by the Academic Division of
Unwin Hyman, Ltd,
15/17 Broadwick Street, London W1V1FP, UK

Allen & Unwin Australia Pty Ltd, 8 Napier Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia

Allen & Unwin (New Zealand) Ltd, in association with the Port Nicholson Press Ltd, 60 Cambridge Terrace, Wellington, New Zealand

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Shaw, R. Paul.
Genetic seeds of warfare.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. War. 2. Genetics. 1. Wong, Yuwa, 1952
II. Title.
U21.2.S491988 303.66 88-14256
ISBN 0-04-445187-5

British Library Ctaloguing-in-Publication Data

Shaw, R. Paul
Genetic seeds of warfare : evolution, nationalism and patriotism.
1. Warfare
I., Title II. Wong, Yuwa
355 .02
ISBN 0-04-445187-3

Typeset by Saxon Printing Ltd., Derby
Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge

For Lori Lothian

This book began in Beirut in 1979. One of us was stationed there, with the United Nations, working on development problems in the Middle East. Lebanon, once hailed as the Switzerland of the Middle East had accomplished the prosperity all Arab countries sought. Yet, in only a few years, war demolished its economy, scarred its people with tragedy, and presented the world with a puzzle no one quite understands.

Witnessing the aftermath of battle is a great shock. But it is the way people at war systematically pervert and distort civilized values that so affronts the rational mind. Calm, loving friends become soldiers and killers, religion sounds the battle cry, and the us versus them mentality shows no mercy. How can one return to the day-to-day work of development problems, let alone normal living, without trying to come to terms with the Lebanons of the world? This book is the result of such an effort.

Warfare is like an iceberg. We see its tip, but its foundations are largely hidden. To picture it in its entirety requires probing beneath the surface. To find that perspective, we began to look in unusual places, to consider theories and approaches unfamiliar to most social scientists. Five years later, we had published our first papers on warfare. In another three years Genetic Seeds of Warfare was completed.

We expect our theory to be controversial. It is a radical approach that not only challenges contemporary theories of warfare but shows why existing peace initiatives are inept. Genetic Seeds of Warfare is not a political agenda, however. It is the result of scientific inquiry. We avoid moralizing, seeking only to communicate what is, not what ought to be about human nature. The only moral we would advocate is that behaviors and institutions that are outfoxing humanitys efforts to prevent nuclear annihilation be abandoned.

This book would not have been possible without the support of many people and institutions. Our greatest debts are to Lori Lothian, our editorial and research assistant; to Edward O. Wilson of Harvard University and Braxton Alfred of the University of British Columbia for encouragement of our work; to Heribert Adam of Simon Fraser University, Kogila Moodley Adam of the University of British Columbia, and John Grunau for sharing their insights; and to Lisa Freeman, editor at Unwin Hyman, for seeing this book to publication.

Reviewer comments always play a vital role in exposing weaknesses in a manuscript and sharpening its focus. For comments on earlier drafts we are therefore indebted to Claude Phillips of Western Michigan University, to Gary R. Johnson of Lake Superior State College, and to J. David Singer, Director of the Correlates of War Project, University of Michigan. The final product does not, of course, reflect their views, nor does it necessarily satisfy all their queries.

For financial support, we thank the Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security. Brian Tomlin and John Sigler of the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, were extremely supportive during the early stages of this research, providing facilities and much needed encouragement. Special thanks to John Graham of the University of British Columbia for graciously providing facilities during the final researching and writing of this book; to Debbie Shunamon, Connie Smith and Kathy Shynkaryk, all of the University of British Columbia, for their wizardry on the word processor. Finally, extra thanks to Kathy Shynkaryk for her help and enthusiasm.

Views and opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors alone. They should not be associated with any international agency, government institute, university, or individual with whom the authors are affiliated. Genetic Seeds of Warfare, an independent project, was submitted and accepted for publication by Unwin Hyman in September, 1987.

R.Paul Shaw,
new york , 1988

Yuwa Wong,
Vancouver , 1988

CHAPTER
Why This Study Matters

The most persistent sound which
reverberates through humanitys

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