About CROP
CROP, the Comparative Research Programme on Poverty, is a response from the academic community to the problems of poverty. The programme was initiated in 1992, and the CROP Secretariat was officially opened in June 1993 by the Director General of UNESCO, Dr Federico Mayor.
In recent years, poverty alleviation, poverty reduction and the eradication of poverty have moved up the international agenda, with poverty eradication now defined as the greatest global challenge facing the world today. In cooperation with its sponsors, the International Social Science Council (ISSC) and the University of Bergen (UiB), CROP works in collaboration with knowledge networks, institutions and scholars to establish independent, alternative and critical poverty research in order to help shape policies for long-term poverty prevention and eradication.
The CROP network comprises scholars engaged in poverty-related research across a variety of academic disciplines. Researchers from more than a hundred different countries are represented in the network, which is coordinated by the CROP Secretariat at the University of Bergen, Norway.
The CROP series on International Studies in Poverty Research presents expert research and essential analyses of different aspects of poverty worldwide. By promoting a fuller understanding of the nature, extent, depth, distribution, trends, causes and effects of poverty, this series will contribute to knowledge concerning the reduction and eradication of poverty at global, regional, national and local levels.
For more information contact:
CROP Secretariat
PO Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, NORWAY
Phone: +47 55 58 97 44
Email: crop@uib.no
Visiting address: Jekteviksbakken 31
www.crop.org
Series editors
Juliana Martnez Franzoni, associate professor of political science, University of Costa Rica
Thomas Pogge, Leitner professor of philosophy and international affairs, Yale University
CROP INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN POVERTY RESEARCH
Published by Zed Books in association with CROP
David Gordon and Paul Spicker (eds), The International Glossary on Poverty , 1999
Francis Wilson, Nazneen Kanji and Einar Braathen (eds), Poverty Reduction: What Role for the State in Todays Globalized Economy? 2001
Willem van Genugten and Camilo Perez-Bustillo (eds), The Poverty of Rights: Human Rights and the Eradication of Poverty , 2001
Else yen et al. (eds), Best Practices in Poverty Reduction: An Analytical Framework , 2002
Lucy Williams, Asbjrn Kjnstad and Peter Robson (eds), Law and Poverty: The Legal System and Poverty Reduction , 2003
Elisa P. Reis and Mick Moore (eds), Elite Perceptions of Poverty and Inequality , 2005
Robyn Eversole, John-Andrew McNeish and Alberto D. Cimadamore (eds), Indigenous Peoples and Poverty: An International Perspective , 2005
Lucy Williams (ed.), International Poverty Law: An Emerging Discourse , 2006
Maria Petmesidou and Christos Papatheodorou (eds), Poverty and Social Deprivation in the Mediterranean , 2006
Paul Spicker, Sonia Alvarez Leguizamn and David Gordon (eds), Poverty: An International Glossary , 2nd edn, 2007
Santosh Mehrotra and Enrique Delamonica, Eliminating Human Poverty: Macroeconomic and Social Policies for Equitable Growth , 2007
David Hemson, Kassim Kulindwa, Haakon Lein and Adolfo Mascarenhas (eds), Poverty and Water: Explorations of the Reciprocal Relationship , 2008
Ronaldo Munck, Narathius Asingwire, Honor Fagan and Consolata Kabonesa (eds), Water and Development: Good Governance after Neoliberalism , 2015
Abraar Karan and Geeta Sodhi (eds), Protecting the Health of the Poor: Social Movements in the South , 2015
Alberto D. Cimadamore, Gabriele Koehler and Thomas Pogge (eds), Poverty and the Millennium Development Goals: A Critical Look Forward , 2016
Alberto D. Cimadamore, Gro Therese Lie, Maurice B Mittelmark and Fungisai P. Gwanzura Ottemller (eds), Development and Sustainability Science: The Challenge of Social Change , 2016
Einar Braathen, Julian May and Gemma Wright (eds), Poverty and Inequality in Middle Income Countries: Policy Achievements, Political Obstacles , 2016
PEASANT POVERTY AND PERSISTENCE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
THEORIES, DEBATES, REALITIES AND POLICIES
edited by Julio Boltvinik and Susan Archer Mann
Foreword by Meghnad Desai
Peasant Poverty and Persistence in the Twenty-first Century: Theories, Debates, Realities and Policies was first published in 2016 by Zed Books Ltd, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way, London SE11 5RR, UK.
www.zedbooks.net
Copyright CROP 2016.
The right of CROP to be identified as the organization of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Typeset in Plantin and Kievit by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon
Cover designed by www.kikamiller.com
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-78360-844-7 hb
ISBN 978-1-78360-843-0 pb
ISBN 978-1-78360-845-4 pdf
ISBN 978-1-78360-846-1 epub
ISBN 978-1-78360-847-8 mobi
El Colegio de Mxico hosted and Universidad Autnoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco sponsored the international seminar from which this book derived.
Julio Boltvinik dedicates this book to:
My beloved Araceli: wife, colleague and accomplice
My dear daughters Jana and Ema; my dear sons Uri and Len
My cherished granddaughters Ariela, Victoria and Luca
And to the memory of my co-editor, colleague and friend, Susan Archer Mann, who died shortly after having completed all the hard and outstanding work she did for many years to make this book possible.
Susan Archer Mann dedicates this book:
In loving memory of her dear friend and mentor Frederick H. Buttel for his contributions to revitalising and fostering a critical rural sociology.
Tables
Conditions of production in agriculture and industry |
The share of the adult rural population with own-account farming as its primary economic activity (percentage) |
Agricultural employment by region, 19982007 |
Rural poverty trends by region, 19882008 |
The distribution of agricultural land, 191570 |
The percentage of the population distributed according to the proportion of total household income represented by agricultural income, 2003 |
Income poverty in rural areas (percentage of the total population), 2004 and 2010 |
Labour income poverty by settlement size (percentage of the total population), 2003 |