ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS:
IRAN
AGRICULTURE, POVERTY AND
REFORM IN IRAN
AGRICULTURE, POVERTY AND
REFORM IN IRAN
MOHAMMAD JAVAD AMID
Volume 25
First published in 1990
This edition first published in 2011
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
1990 Mohammad Javad Amid
Printed and bound in Great Britain
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-57033-6 (Set)
eISBN 13: 978-0-203-83010-9 (Set)
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-61438-2 (Volume 25)
eISBN 13: 978-0-203-83022-2 (Volume 25)
Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.
Agriculture, poverty and
reform in Iran
Mohammad Javad Amid
First published 1990 by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge
a division of Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc.
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
1990 Mohammad Javad Amid
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Mackays of Chatham PLC, Chatham, Kent
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Amid, Mohammad Javad, 1949
Agriculture, poverty and reform in Iran.
1. Iran. Agricultural land. Land tenure. Reform
I. Title
333.3350955
ISBN 0-415-03561-9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
Data applied for
Tables
1.1 |
3.1 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
6.1 |
6.2 |
6.3 |
6.4 |
6.5 |
6.6 |
6.7 |
6.8 |
6.9 |
7.1 |
7.2 |
7.3 |
7.4 |
7.5 |
7.6 |
7.7 |
7.8 |
7.9 |
7.10 |
7.11 |
7.12 |
7.13 |
7.14 |
7.15 |
7.16 |
8.1 |
8.2 |
8.3 |
8.4 |
8.5 |
Acknowledgements
I began to write this book as my doctoral dissertation at Uppsala University, Sweden. Since its completion less than two years ago, I have received comments and suggestions and thought over certain sections. My subsequent revision of the dissertation has now resulted in this book.
I have benefited considerably from others in completing this study. I wish to acknowledge my great debts to Professor Mats Lundahl who provided me with his kind and encouraging supervision. His thorough readings of various drafts of the study and suggestions for the improvement of both form and content were extremely valuable. I am also heavily indebted to Olle Mellander, who read and commented on almost everything I wrote concerning this study and was kindly ready to advise me at any time.
I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Gran Ohlin who provided me with helpful supervision in the early stages of my research. Thanks are also due to Yngve Andersson, Christer Gunnarsson, Professor Fred Halliday, Rojelio Imable, Keith McLachlan, Christian Nilsson, Cyrus Salmanzadeh, Chris Scott and Bo Utas whose suggestions, encouragement and help at different stages of my study were of great importance. Moreover, my thanks go to the participants of the seminars at the Department of Economics, Lund University, where various chapters of this study were discussed.
I am also deeply indebted to Professor Ann K.S. Lambton who kindly read almost all of the chapters concerning Iran. Her valuable comments substantially improved this work. Furthermore, I owe a great debt to Professor Bo Gustafsson for his useful comments and encouragement and to Professor Bengt-Christer Ysander for stimulating me to speed up the completion of this research during its final stages, when it was really required.
Special thanks are also due to Alan Harkess for correcting and polishing my English and to Eva Holst, who very kindly and skilfully typed many versions of this study. Moreover, I am very grateful to Jan Wallanders Stiftelse whose generous grants contributed much to the accomplishment of my research.
Last but not least, I have to express my deep appreciation to my wife and our daughter for their patience in putting up with my long preoccupation with working on this book.
Uppsala
M.J. Amid
Agriculture, poverty and reform in Iran
Administrative division of Iran, 1966
Chapter one
Introduction
Iran, like many other developing countries, has experienced a land reform in recent decades. The Iranian land reform programme started in early 1962 accompanied by considerable rhetoric. Speeches and statements made by various government authorities gave the impression that eroding rural poverty and stimulating agricultural development were among the major objectives of the programme. The reform was also initiated without delay. The complete implementation of the land reform programme, however, lasted about a decade and went through three different stages during this period.