Kevin Wright - Arms Control and Security: The Changing Role of Conventional Arms Control in Europe

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ARMS CONTROL AND SECURITY

For Sue and Stefan

Arms Control and Security

The changing role of conventional arms control in Europe

KEVIN WRIGHT
University of Essex

First published 2000 by Ashgate Publishing

Reissued 2018 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright Kevin Wright 2000

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer

The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.

A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 00132796

ISBN 13: 978-1-138-72518-8 (hbk)

ISBN 13: 978-1-315-19202-4 (ebk)

Contents

Kevin Wright, is a Teaching Fellow in the Department of Government at the University of Essex. He teaches primarily in the field of international relations and on the European Union. He works and writes extensively on conventional arms control issues, the European security architecture and the emerging security threats facing the North Atlantic area.

The conclusion of the Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty in 1990, the series of Vienna Documents from 1990 onwards and the Treaty on Open Skies in 1992 were agreements, along with those applying to nuclear weapons, which were intended to enable Europe to look forward to a future overshadowed less by military affairs than had been possible for the previous fifty years.

The reality however has been far from this expectation. Wars of succession have taken place in the former Yugoslavia and on the territory of the former Soviet Union, whilst ethnic tensions have grown in other parts of Central and Eastern Europe too. At the same time the old alliance structure has collapsed with the dissolution of the Warsaw Treaty Organisation and a NATO scrambling to reinvent itself in a radically different security environment. NATO forces have been actively engaged militarily in the Balkans in a role very different from that envisaged during the Cold War for Alliance forces.

In all of this melee arms control and confidence building has taken on an increasingly lower priority, indeed the approach taken during the Cold War, often look increasingly outdated, if not entirely obsolete. Yet at the same time the continuing military contacts required and fostered by the major arms control agreements of the 1990s still has a value.

The aim of this book is to explore the changing role of conventional arms control in Europe. The early chapters provide a primarily historical perspective looking at the context, foundations, main provisions and institutional structure of the main agreements. The later chapters explore the continuing and likely future roles of the OSCE and NATO in the arms control process. The final chapters examine more contemporary developments by looking at the Adapted CFE Treaty and Vienna Documents agreed at the OSCE Istanbul Summit in November 1998 and the challenges posed to existing arrangements by the changing and emergent security threats that potentially face Europe.

Throughout the book in undertaking the examination of this important area of security policy I have adopted an epistemic community/network approach. As is explained in this methodology, though it is incomplete and has weaknesses, provides a useful way of understanding the advances and developments made in the mid-nineteen eighties and why progress has become more difficult since.

In putting together this work of necessity I have received a great deal of assistance from officials within NATO, the OSCE Secretariat, the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence and the UK Delegation to the OSCE in Vienna. My thanks to all of those concerned. Most important of all however are 2 further people: Professor Emil Kirchner and Lynda Hudson both at the University of Essex. Professor Kirchner for getting me started on this project in the first place and providing much advice and assistance well beyond the call of duty. My thanks to Lynda are for her preparedness to read the many drafts of chapters and correcting the large number of my mistakes, normally at times when she had much better things to do.

Any mistakes or omissions are, of course, entirely my own responsibility.

Kevin Wright

University of Essex

ACDA	Arms Control & Disarmament Agency (US)
ACDU	Arms Control & Disarmament Research Unit (FCO)
ACFE	Adapted CFE Treaty
ACV	Armoured Combat Vehicle
ACVC	Arms Control Verification Centre
AIAM	Annual Implementation Assessment Meeting
AIFV	Armoured Infantry Fighting Vehicle
APC	Armoured Personnel Carrier
ATTU	Atlantic to the Urals
BWC	Biological Weapons Convention
CBM	Confidence Building Measure
CDE	Conference on Disarmament in Europe
CEE	Central & Eastern Europe
CFE	Conventional Forces in Europe
CFE 1A	Concluding Act of the Negotiation on Personnel Strength of Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
CFSP	Common Foreign & Security Policy (EU)
CiO	Chairman in Office (OSCE)
CIS	Commonwealth of Independent States
CPC	Conflict Prevention Centre
CSBM	Confidence Security Building Measures
CSCE	Conference on Security Co-operation in Europe
CSO	Committee of Senior Officials (OSCE)
CWC	Chemical Weapons Convention
DTRA	Defence Threat Reduction Agency
EAPC	Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
EU	European Union
FCO	Foreign & Commonwealth Office
FSC

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