James Rest - Postconventional Moral Thinking: A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach
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Postconventional Moral Thinking: A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach
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Although Lawrence Kohlberg provided major ideas for psychological research in morality for decades, today some critics regard his work as outmoded, beyond repair, and too faulty for anybody to take seriously. These critics suggest that research would advance more profitably by taking a different approach. Postconventional Moral Thinking acknowledges particular philosophical and psychological problems with Kohlbergs theory and methodology, and proposes a reformulation called Neo-Kohlbergian. Hundreds of researchers have reported a large body of findings after having employed Kohlbergs theory and methods to the Defining Issues Test (DIT), therefore attesting to the relevance of his ideas. This book provides a coherent theoretical overview for hundreds of studies that have used the DIT. The authors propose reformulations in the underlying psychological and philosophical theories. This book pulls together the analysis of criticisms of a Kohlbergian approach, a rationale for DIT research, and new theoretical ideas and new research.
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Postconventional Moral Thinking : A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach
author
:
Rest, James R.
publisher
:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
isbn10 | asin
:
0805832858
print isbn13
:
9780805832853
ebook isbn13
:
9780585176703
language
:
English
subject
Moral development, Kohlberg, Lawrence,--1927-
publication date
:
1999
lcc
:
BF723.M54P675 1999eb
ddc
:
155.2/5
subject
:
Moral development, Kohlberg, Lawrence,--1927-
Page iii
Postconventional Moral Thinking
A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach
James Rest Darcia Narvaez Muriel J. Bebeau Stephen J. Thoma Center for the Study of Ethical Development University of Minnesota
LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS 1999 Mahwah, New Jersey London
Page iv
Copyright 1999 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Postconventional moral thinking: a Neo-Kohlbergian approach / by James Rest, Darcia Narvaez, Muriel J. Bebeau, Stephen J. Thoma. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8058-3285-8 (hardcover: alk. paper). 1. Moral development. 2. Kohlberg, Lawrence, I. Rest, James R. II. Narvaez, Darcia. III. Bebeau, Muriel J. IV. Thoma, Stephen J. BF723.M54P675 1999 155.2'5dc21 98-43690 CIP
Books published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates are printed on acid-free paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability.
Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Page v
Contents
Preface
vii
1 Overview of Our Neo-Kohlbergian Approach
1
2 Psychological and Philosophical Challenges to Kohlberg's Approach
9
3 A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach Based on the DIT
35
4 Validity and Reliability Studies of the DIT
59
5 New Issues, New Theory, New Findings
99
6 Stages or Schemas?
135
7 Integrating With the Domain Approach
145
8 Integrating With the Cultural Psychology Approach
167
9 Summary
181
Appendix A: The ATHRI
187
Appendix B: Services and Materials Available From the Minnesota Center
191
References
193
Author index
219
Subject index
227
About the Authors
229
Page vii
Preface
For decades, Lawrence Kohlberg provided major ideas for psychological research in morality. Yet these days some critics regard his work as outmoded, beyond repair, and too faulty for anybody to take seriously. These critics suggest that research would advance more profitably by taking a different approach. In this book, we acknowledge particular philosophical and psychological problems with Kohlberg's theory and methodology, but propose a reformulation, as a "neo-Kohlbergian" approach. Employing core ideas from Kohlberg's theory and method, research with the Defining Issues Test (hereafter, the DIT) has produced a large body of findingsreported by hundreds of researchersattesting to the fruitfulness of his ideas.
In the first chapter, we briefly give an overview of what we mean by a neo-Kohlbergian approach. Then, in chapter 2, we discuss major criticisms of Kohlberg's approach made over the past 25 years by psychologists and philosophers. We group the criticisms under four headings:
1. Psychological: Criticisms from psychologists that require changes in both method and theory.
2. Philosophical: Criticisms from moral philosophers on Kohlberg's formalist, deontological normative theory.
3. Limits: Criticisms that Kohlberg's approach didn't cover aspects of the psychology of morality.
4. Unwarranted: Criticisms that we think are mistaken, not requiring any change in a Kohlbergian approach.
With these criticisms in mind, our theoretical reformulation into a neo-Kohlbergian approach is presented in chapter 3. Our theoretical solutions in chapter 3 are empirically reviewed in chapter 4, presenting data gathered over the past 25 years on the validity and reliability of the DIT. Other, independent researchers have also produced remarkably consistent validity findingswe cite over 400 published reports on the DIT. In Chapter 5, we summarize new questions that DIT research has addressed, new theoretical formulations that we have advanced, and some of the findings of this
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98-43690