Beyond the Amber Waves of Grain
RURAL STUDIES SERIES of the Rural Sociological Society
Series Editor
Lionel J. Beaulieu, University of Florida
Editorial Board
Jess C. Gilbert, University of Wisconsin-Madison Richard S. Krannich, Utah State University Linda M. Lobao, Ohio State University Rogelio Saenz, Texas A&M University DeeAnn Wenk, University of Oklahoma Deborah M. Tootle, USDA ERS ARED
Beyond the Amber Waves of Grain
An Examination of Social and Economic Restructuring in the Heartland
Paul Lasley, F. Larry Leistritz, Linda M. Lobao, and Katherine Meyer
with Freddie L. Barnard, Arlo Biere, Jackie Fellows, Daryl Hobbs, Bruce Johnson, Kent D. Olson, William E. Saupe, Raymond D. Vlasin, and Robert Weagley
First published 1995 by Westview Press, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beyond the amber waves of grain: an examination of social and economic restructuring in the heartland / by Paul Lasley ... [et al.]. p. cm.(Rural studies series) ISBN 0-8133-8930-5 1. Middle WestEconomic conditions. 2. Middle WestSocial conditions. 3. Household surveysMiddle West. 4. FarmsMiddle West. 5. Agricultural industriesMiddle West. 6. Agriculture Economic aspectsMiddle West. 7. UnemploymentMiddle West. I. Lasley, Paul. II. Series: Rural studies series of the Rural Sociological Society. HC107.A14B49 1995 338.S77dc20
95-1552 CIP
ISBN 13: 978-0-3670-1678-4 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-0-3671-6665-6 (pbk)
DOI: 10.4324/9780429046643
To our children Rachel and Sarah Lasley Lori Jean and Leslie Diane Leistritz Erick Lobao Anne and Elizabeth Seidler
Contents
, Linda M. Lobao and Paul Lasley
2 The Agricultures of the Midwest and Their Demographic and Economic Environments, Daryl Hobbs and Robert Weagley
PART ONE The Farm Enterprise
Introduction to Part One, F. Larry Leistritz
3 Financial Characteristics of Farm Operators, F. Larry Leistritz and Freddie L. Barnard
4 The Process of Adaptation and the Consequences to the Farm System, Raymond D. Vlasin
5 Plans for Changing the Farm Business and Needs for Training, Kent D. Olson and William E. Saupe
PART TWO The Farm Household
Introduction to Part Two, Katherine Meyer
6 The Changing Division of Labor on Family Farms, Jackie Fellows and Paul Lasley
7 The Impacts of Financial Hardship on Familial Well-Being, Paul Lasley
8 Perceiving Hardship and Managing Life, Katherine Meyer
PART THREE Community and Social Interaction
Introduction to Part Three, Paul Lasley
9 Community Change, Arlo Biere
10 Organizational, Community, and Political Involvement as Responses to Rural Restructuring, Linda M. Lobao
11 Farm Crisis in the Midwest: Trends and Implications, F. Larry Leistritz and Katherine Meyer
12 Methodology, Paul Lasley
- 2 The Agricultures of the Midwest and Their Demographic and Economic Environments
- PART ONE The Farm Enterprise
- Introduction to Part One
- 3 Financial Characteristics of Farm Operators
- 4 The Process of Adaptation and the Consequences to the Farm System
- 5 Plans for Changing the Farm Business and Needs for Training
- PART TWO The Farm Household
- Introduction to Part Two
- 6 The Changing Division of Labor on Family Farms
- 7 The Impacts of Financial Hardship on Familial Well-Being
- 8 Perceiving Hardship and Managing Life
- PART THREE Community and Social Interaction
- Introduction to Part Three
- 9 Community Change
- 10 Organizational, Community, and Political Involvement as Responses to Rural Restructuring
- 11 Farm Crisis in the Midwest: Trends and Implications
- 12 Methodology
Guide
Tables and Figures
Tables
- 2.1 U.S. Population and Change by Region, 1960-1990
- 2.2 Non-metropolitan Economic and Demographic Changes Among Regions, 1980-1990
- 2.3 Number of Farms by Gross Farm Commodity Sales Categories, 1987
- 2.4 Percentage of Total Agricultural Products Sold by Each Gross Sales Category of Farms, 1987, by State
- 2.5 Farm Net Cash Returns by State and Size of Farm, 1987
- 2.6 Commodity Production, 1987
- 3.1 Gross Farm Sales and Net Family Income of Respondents, and Percentage Total Family Income from Farming, Off-farm Employment, and Other Non-farm Sources, 1988
- 3.2 Balance Sheet Information: Assets by Type for Respondents, 1988
- 3.3 Balance Sheet Information: Debts by Type for Respondents, 1988
- 3.4 Balance Sheet Information: Owner Equity and Debt-Asset Ratio
- 3.5 Percentages of Respondents with Debt
- 3.6 Distribution of Farms According to Debt-Asset Ratio for All Farmers in Surveys and for Farmers in Surveys with Gross Farm Sales Less Than and More Than $100,000 per Year
- 3.7 Delinquency Rates and Anticipated Financing Problems
- 4.1 Farm Operators' Report of Risk-Reduction Tactics for 1984-1988, North Central Region and Subregions
- 4.2 Farm Operators' Report of Risk-Reduction Tactics for 19841988, by Age of Farm Operator, North Central Region
- 4.3 Farm Operators' Report of Risk-Reduction Tactics for 1984-1988, by Economic Size of Farming Unit, North Central Region
- 4.4 Farm Operators' Report of Risk-Reduction Tactics for 1984-1988, by Reported Changes in Stress of Farm Operators' Spouses, North Central Region
- 4.5 Farm Operators' Report of Risk-Reduction Tactics for 1984-1988, by Net Family Income Level, North Central Region
- 5.1 Percentages of All Sample Farmers in the North Central Region Planning to Make Selected Changes in the Near Future
- 5.2 Percentages of All Sample Farmers in the North Central Region Reporting a Need for Information and Training
- 5.3 Percentages of Sample Farmers Planning to Make Selected Changes in the Near Future, by Operator's Age and Subregion
- 5.4 Percentages of Sample Farmers Reporting a Need for Information and Training, by Operator's Age and Subregion
- 5.5 Percentages of Sample Farmers Planning to Make Selected Changes in the Near Future, by Gross Farm Sales and Subregion
- 5.6 Percentages of Sample Farmers Reporting a Need for Farming Information and Training, by Gross Farm Sales and Subregion
- 6.1 Farm Tasks Performed by Spouse and Change in Time Spent Performing Tasks in Past Five Years