Challenge and Innovation
Social Aspects of AIDS
Series Editor: Peter Aggleton, Goldsmiths College, University of London
Editorial Advisory Board
Dominic Abrams, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK
Dennis Altman, La Trobe University, Australia
Maxine Ankrah, Makerere University, Uganda
Mildred Blaxter, University of East Anglia, UK
Manuel Caballo, World Health Organization
Judith Cohen, University of California, San Francisco, USA
Anthony Coxon, University of Essex, UK
Peter Davies, University of Portsmouth, UK
Gary Dowsett, Macquarie University, Australia
Jan Grover, Oakland, California, USA
Graham Hart, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London, UK
Mukesh Kapila, Overseas Development Administration, UK
Hans Moerkerk, National Commission on AIDS Control, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Cindy Patton, Temple University, USA
Diane Richardson, University of Sheffield, UK
Werasit Sittitrai, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
Ron Stall, University of California, San Francisco, USA
Robert Tielman, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
Simon Watney, London, UK
Jeffrey Weeks, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
Challenge and Innovation:
Methodological Advances in Social Research on HIV/AIDS
Edited by
Mary Boulton
Selection and editorial material copyright Mary Boulton, 1994
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Publisher.
First published 1994
By Taylor & Francis
Published 2013 by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
A Catalogue Record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 13: 978-0-748-40198-7 (pbk)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data are available on request
Series cover design by Barking Dog Art.
Typeset in 10/12pt CG Baskerville
by RGM Associates, Lord Street, Southport, England
Contents
Mary Boulton
Glynis M. Breakwell and Chris R. Fife-Schaw
David McQueen and Stefano Campostrini
Peter Davies
David Silverman
Robert Power
Neil McKeganey, Marina Barnard and Michael Bloor
Anthony P. M. Coxon
Helen Pickering
Jenny Kitzinger
Ian S. Peers and Margaret Johnston
Kaye Wellings
Janet Holland, Caroline Ramazanoglu, Sue Scott, Sue Sharpe and Rachel Thomson
Mildred Blaxter
The Longitudinal CohortSequential Design Used in the Survey of Young People
The Pure Form of the Longitudinal CohortSequential Design
Four variable typesnature over time
Basic ordering and structure of lifestyle and health questionnaire
Knowledge about AIDS stability over timeScottish data using a five-item scale
Per cent of respondents reporting talking about AIDS with family and friends over time
Stable AIDS item over timegood agreement with two versions of question on difficulty of getting AIDS
Less stable AIDS item over timeagreement with question on whether AIDS spread in general population
Agreement with two versions of a statement on employer being able to dismiss employee with AIDS
Question item showing both instability over time and sensitivity to change in question polarity
Objectivism and subjectivism
Working habits of female prostitutes
Aggregate diary vs. interview estimates of sexual behaviour
Alternatives for destination of ejaculation
Unprotected anal intercourse by type 10.1 Types of groups involved in the study
Types of groups involved in the study
HIV antibody tests in England and WalesJanuary 1985 to July 1988
Practice of condom use in the UK
Condom usage in Netherlands
Knowledge and practice of condom use amongst Swiss youth
Calls taken per week by Belgian AIDS helpline
Possible risk in behaviour by gender, age and marital status
Standard expectations about HIV counselling
Form of advice and degree of uptake
Destination of ejaculate in anal intercourse
Percentage of acts where anal intercourse involves a condom (c) or is unprotected (h and m) by wave
Percentage of unprotected acts of anal intercourse, by age and relationship type
Median polish of percentage of unprotected acts of anal intercourse, by age and relationship
Knowledge of ways in which HIV is transmitted, UK, January 1987
Knowledge of transmission routes in selected European countries
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD)
Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
British Social Attitudes (BSA)
Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour (CRDHB)
Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI)
Conversation Analysis (CA)
Council of American Survey Research Organization (CASRO)
Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
Health Belief Model (HBM)
Health Education Authority (HEA)
Health Education Board for Scotland (HEBS)
Human Immuno-denfiency Virus (HIV)
Inventory of Sexual Behaviour (ISB)
Joint Council on Standards for Educational Evaluation (JCSE)
Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Practice (KABP)
Longitudinal Cohort-Sequential Design (LCSD)
Medical Research Council (MRC)
National Associations for the Care or Resettlement of Offenders (NACRO)
Research Unit in Health and Behaviour Change (RUHBC)
Scottish Associations for the Care and Resettlement of Offenders (SACRO)
Scottish Home and Health Department (SHHD)
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
Socio-sexual Investigations of Gay Men and Aids (SIGMA)
Women Risk and AIDS Project (WRAP)
World Health Organization (WHO)
The advent of HIV and AIDS issued a challenge to social and behavioural researchers globallythat of generating knowledge and understanding for the development of effective interventions, in the fields of prevention, care, counselling and community support. It encouraged too an in-depth exploration of aspects of life which had hitherto been left unexamined: sex between men, sex work, injecting drug use, each became an important research area in its own right. Such enquiry called for the use of research techniques which were both sensitive and specific to the issue in question. Only rarely were existing methodologies adequate for the challenge.
Some ten years into the epidemic, it is appropriate to pause and consider what was achieved by this first wave of social scientific endeavour. Numerous publications in this series and elsewhere do so from the point of view of what has been learned substantively in the fields of sociology, psychology, anthropology and education. Rather less often do we have the opportunity to assess what has been learned methodologically.
