In gripping detail, Karpowitz offers a human-driven account of efforts to reestablish higher education in Americas prisons. Along the way, were faced with the moral challenge: by what right do we restrict access to the countrys best innovations to those who languish in its most barbarous?
Glenn E. Martin, founder and president, Just Leadership USA
College in Prison is a deeply thoughtful meditation on one of the most pressing issues related to the US mass incarceration crisis: the inimitable, invaluable power of higher education behind bars. Karpowitz approaches this vital subject with the sensitivity of a practitioner and the meticulous analysis of a scholar, producing a worthy study that speaks to hearts and minds both.
Baz Dreisinger, author of Incarceration Nations: A Journey to Justice in Prisons Around the World
This is a book for our time. It firmly plants college access as a core aspect in the prison reform agenda and infuses that agenda with humanity and hope. Karpowitz describes the teachers and students with kindness and honesty so that we see real people struggling to breathe the life of curiosity and engagement into the soul-killing place that prison can too often be. If you care about prison reform, this book will rock you.
Todd R. Clear, author of Imprisoning Communities
College in Prison is an absolutely unforgettable story of how and why an ambitious program at a relatively small New Yorkbased academic institution might hold the key to a revolutionary way of reimagining our nations approach to mass incarceration. Karpowitz has written a wonderfully sophisticated and moving story about his choice to devote the bulk of his adult life to a powerful project that takes prisoners and their possible futures incredibly seriously. Reading this text closely means never thinking about the implications of imprisonment quite the same way again.
John L. Jackson Jr., dean, School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania
The Bard Prison Initiative has been a rare ray of light in the darkness of mass incarceration. Karpowitzs account tells its story, and turns that light to uncovering new truths about the American prison in our time.
Jonathan S. Simon, author of Mass Incarceration on Trial
Total praise for College in Prison! Karpowitz provides an argument that education helps to relieve the harm caused by incarceration. This work delivers an intimate glimpse into the hearts and minds of those for whom critical thinking has become salvation.
Vivian Nixon, executive director, College and Community Fellowship
This gripping firsthand account of progressive pedagogy in prison at the height of mass incarceration by a dedicated scholar-activist and gifted educator is a truly inspiring and practical call to action to undo the brutality of our nations lock-down.
Philippe Bourgois, author of In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio
Using his fascinating experiences with the Bard Prison Initiative, Daniel Karpowitz presents a refreshing take on pressing academic and social questions. This is an important story to tell.
Joshua M. Price, author of Prison and Social Death
College in Prison
College in Prison
Reading in an Age of Mass Incarceration
Daniel Karpowitz
Rutgers University Press
New Brunswick, New Jersey, and London
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Karpowitz, Daniel, author.
Title: College in prison : reading in an age of mass incarceration / Daniel Karpowitz.
Description: New Brunswick, New Jersey : Rutgers University Press, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016012331| ISBN 9780813584126 (hardback) | ISBN 9780813584133 (e-book (epub)) | ISBN 9780813584140 (e-book (web pdf))
Subjects: LCSH: PrisonersEducation (Higher)New York (State)History. | Education, HigherSocial aspectsNew York (State)History. | Prison administrationNew York (State)History. | Bard CollegeHistory. | BISAC: SOCIAL SCIENCE / Penology. | EDUCATION / Higher. | SOCIAL SCIENCE / Criminology. | EDUCATION / Philosophy & Social Aspects.
Classification: LCC HV8888.3.U62 N75 2017 | DDC 365/.66609747dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016012331
A British Cataloging-in-Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright 2017 by Daniel Karpowitz
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Please contact Rutgers University Press, 106 Somerset Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. The only exception to this prohibition is fair use as defined by U.S. copyright law.
www.rutgersuniversitypress.org
To my parents, who encouraged me to take what I had inherited and make it my own.
Contents
College inside prison creates new choices, new and alternative ways of being, that lie between the extremes of compliance and disobedience, between resistance and surrender.
Sandy-haired Peter Bay sat across from me, silent and stiff, his face purged of expression. The flatness of his gaze offered no clue as to what he wanted to say or how much he felt was at stake. He was a white, working-class man in his mid-thirties who had dropped out of school in the ninth grade and had completed the high-school equivalency exam in prison.
He and I and the other interviewer sat face to face at the admissions interviews for the college we represented. We sat in a clinical, brightly lit classroom near the back of the hundred-acre, maximum-security prison compound. The tinny acoustics made each spoken exchange feel distant, although we sat directly across from each other on either side of a small table. Mr Bay had applied in each of the two previous years and had been rejected both times. He was in pursuit of something he wanted deeply, in an environment starved of opportunity. This was his third application in as many years, and it was not going well.
Like many applicants, Mr Bay had worked his way from prison to prison across the state specifically to get himself to a location where he could apply to the college. For, although our college had built six different satellite campuses in prison, these were almost the only such places left after Congress eliminated college from Americas prisons in the mid-1990s. Many men sweat heavily when writing their timed application essays, and later, when they sit for their interview. They search, with little clue, for what they think the college wants to hear, and grapple with how honest to be about their ambitions, misgivings, and suspicions. Despite operating under such extraordinarily difficult conditions, most applicants speak profusely, generating a lively exchange in their interview with the college representative theyre meeting, almost always for the first time.
Mr Bay, however, barely spoke. He didnt sweat, he didnt confront, and he certainly didnt try to charm. His mouth was parched, and he tried to moisten his lips repeatedly without success. He spoke in heavy, awkward measures as if his words were being dislodged one at a time. When he did speak, I heard a mid-Atlantic, working-class white accent with a colonial-era twang that sounded a lot like that of my mother, who had grown up in a post-industrial shipping district along the Delaware River. As he halted and censored himself throughout the interview, he made, for the third year in a row, a very unconvincing case for admission.