Community Activism
and Feminist Politics
PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER
Series Editor:
Myra Marx Ferree, University of Connecticut
Also published in the series:
Pleasure, Power, and Technology: Some Tales of Gender, Engineering, and the Cooperative Workplace
Sally Hacker
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment
Patricia Hill Collins
Understanding Sexual Violence: A Study of Convicted Rapists
Diana Scully
Maid in the U.S.A.
Mary Romero
Feminisms and the Women's Movement: Dynamics of Change in Social Movement Ideology and Activism
Barbara Ryan
Black Women and White Women in the Professions: Analysis of Job Segregation by Race and Gender, 1960-1980
Natalie J. Sokoloff
Gender Consciousness and Politics
Sue Tolleson Rinehart
Mothering: Ideology, Experience, and Agency
Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Grace Chang, and Linda Rennie Forcey (editors)
Integrative Feminisms: Building Global Visions, 1960-1990s
Angela Miles
For Richer, For Poorer: Mothers Confront Divorce
Demie Kurz
Rock-a-by Baby: Feminism, Self-help, and Postpartum Depression
Verta Taylor
Schoolsmart and Motherwise: Working-Class Women's Identity and Schooling
Wendy Luttrell
Community Activism
and Feminist Politics
Organizing Across Race,
Class, and Gender
Edited by
Nancy A. Naples
Routledge
New York and London
Published in 1998 by
Routledge
270 Madison Ave,
New York NY 10016
Published in Great Britain by
Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park,
Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Transferred to Digital Printing 2007
Copyright 1998 by Roudedge
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Community activism and feminist politics: organizing across race,
class, and gender / edited by Nancy A. Naples
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-415-91629-1 (hardcover) - ISBN 0-415-91630-5 (pbk.)
1. Women in community organizationUnited States.
2. Women social reformersUnited States.
3. Minority womenUnited States.
4. FeminismUnited States.
5. Social actionUnited States.
6. Action researchUnited States.
I. Naples, Nancy A.
HQ1421.C65 1998
305.42'0973-dc21 98-26531
CIP
Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent
This book is dedicated to
SARAH RACHEL STERN
November 12, 1970-February 17, 1997
who, at an early age and in her own special way, lived the promise of transcending boundaries of race, class, and gender May her gentle and tenacious feminist and activist spirit continue to inspire other young people who are striving toward freedom, working to protect and preserve the environment, and remaining steadfast in their commitment to social justice.
Contents
Part III Networking for Change
The Community Needs to be Built by Us
Women Organizing in Chicago Public Housing
Acknowledgments
The idea for this collection first took hold in conversations with Terry Haywoode, Celene Krauss, and Susan Stern during our graduate-student days at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and was cemented in discussions with Susan Stall, who I met when I joined the faculty of Iowa State University in 1989. All five of us are white, college-educated women who were involved in local struggles and had worked in multiracial coalitions on behalf of low-income and working-class communities before returning to graduate school. We hoped that our graduate training would give us tools of analysis and research that we could bring back into these struggles for social and economic justice. Over the years, we recognized that few models of writing activist scholarship existed, particularly ones that explicated the ways in which women of different class, racial, ethnic, and regional backgrounds have fought on behalf of their communities.
We came to our studies as committed feminists who were concerned that many of the women who fought alongside us did not define themselves as such. In fact, we identified closely with many other women who felt distance from the Women's Movement. To those of us from working-class backgrounds, the Women's Movement did not speak as loudly as it did to women from white, middle-class families. Therefore, a major subtext of our work includes the desire to reconcile our community-activist and feminist identities. It was through analyses of low-income women's political activism that I came to a broader understanding of feminism, which has in turn enhanced my own political engagement. Further, I recognized how the history of the U.S. Women's Movement of the 1970s was written in a way that rendered invisible the women-centered activism of many women of color as well as working-class and poor women of all racial-ethnic backgrounds.
I have been blessed with the support of many who share my commitment to creating scholarship that both documents and promotes progressive social-change efforts. Marilyn Gittell provided me with important research-training opportunities in the early 1980s and helped inspire my work on women's community activism. Gaye Tuchman, Bill Kornblum, Judith Lorber, George Fischer, Michael Brown, and the late Joseph Bensman also provided valuable research experiences and intellectual challenges.
I wish to thank all the authors for their willingness to contribute to this collection. The authors represent widely diverse professional and academic backgrounds; they include independent scholars and community-based activists as well as university-based researchers from anthropology, architecture, environmental design, education, history, political science, sociology, and urban planning. Space limitations led to the exclusion of several excellent papers. To these authors I express my sincere appreciation for their interest in contributing to this collection and offer my regrets that their important work could not be featured here.