Bruce Lee Ervin - Focus: The Complete Music Industry Dictionary

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The Complete Music Industry Dictionary

Bruce Lee Ervin

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Cover photo by Andresk8, available under a Public Domain license

Copyright 2012 Bruce Lee Ervin

All Rights Reserved .This book may not be reproduced, transmitted, or stored in whole or in part by any means, including graphic, electronic, or mechanical without the express written consent of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

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100% OF THE PUBLISHERS SHARE - THE HALF OF THE 200% OF THE COPYRIGHT INCOME THAT GOES TO THE PUBLISHER.

100% OF THE WRITERS SHARE - THE HALF OF THE 200% OF THE COPYRIGHT INCOME THAT GOES TO THE SONGWRITER OR COWRITERS.

180 DEAL - AN EXTREMELY RARE RECORDING CONTRACT IN WHICH THE ARTIST AGREES TO GIVE THE RECORD COMPANY A PERCENTAGE OF FEWER REVENUE STREAMS THAN A 270 DEAL, FOR EXAMPLE, SALES OF RECORDED MUSIC AND PUBLISHING.

200% OF THE COPYRIGHT INCOME - THE TOTAL OF INCOME PAID TO PUBLISHERS AND SONGWRITERS FOR COPYRIGHT USAGE.

270 DEAL - A VERY RARE RECORDING CONTRACT IN WHICH THE ARTIST AGREES TO GIVE THE RECORD COMPANY A PERCENTAGE OF FEWER REVENUE STREAMS THAN A 360 DEAL, FOR EXAMPLE, SALES OF RECORDED MUSIC, PUBLISHING, AND MERCHANDISING.

360 DEAL (AKA MULTIPLE RIGHTS DEAL) A CONTRACT IN WHICH ARTISTS AGREE TO GIVE THE RECORD COMPANY A PERCENTAGE OF ALL OF THEIR REVENUE STREAMS SUCH AS SALES OF RECORDED MUSIC, LIVE PERFORMANCES, PUBLISHING, ENDORSEMENTS, MERCHANDISE SALES, RINGTONES, FAN CLUBS, MOVIES THAT FEATURE THEM, BOOKS WRITTEN BY THEM AND ANYTHING ELSE THAT USES THEIR NAME AND/OR LIKENESS, IN EXCHANGE FOR THE LABELS ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT IN RECORDING, DISTRIBUTION, LONGER PROMOTION PERIODS, BOOKING, DEVELOPING NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR THEM, AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR MARKETING, TOURING, MERCHANDISING, ETC.

A&R DEPARTMENT (ARTIST AND REPERTOIRE) THE DIVISION OF A RECORD LABEL THAT ACTS AS A LIASON BETWEEN THE LABEL AND THE ARTISTS, WHICH SEEKS, SIGNS, AND FURTHER DEVELOPS THE ARTISTS BY; MATCHING THEIR TALENTS WITH SUITABLE SONGS AND PRODUCERS, BUDGETING, AND OVERSEEING THEIR RECORDING SESSIONS, COORDINATING THE RELEASE SCHEDULE AND MARKETING CAMPAIGNS WITH THE EFFORTS OF THE LABELS OTHER DEPARTMENTS, ETC.

AB INITIO A LATIN PHRASE USED IN CONTRACTS THAT MEANS FROM THE BEGINNING.

ABABCAB - A COMMON PATTERN OF LETTERS USED TO INDICATE THE SECTIONS OF A SONG AS; VERSE, HOOK, VERSE, HOOK, BRIDGE, VERSE, AND HOOK.

ABANDONMENT OF TRADEMARK UNLIKE A COPYRIGHT, A TRADEMARK REQUIRES THE RENEWAL OF REGISTRATION AND FAILURE TO DO SO, DISUSE OF IT, AND/OR A VARIETY OF OTHER ACTIONS OR INACTIONS, EVEN UNKNOWINGLY, COULD LEAD TO ITS DESERTION.

ACCEPTANCE THE LABELS APPROVAL OF THE ARTISTS COMMERCIALLY OR TECHNICALLY SATISFACTORY DELIVERY UNDER SUCH CONDITIONS AS THE MASTERS BEING RECORDED WITHIN THE TERM, WITH A MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM PLAYING TIME FOR EACH RECORDING, AND THEY CAN NOT HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY RECORDED BY THE ARTIST, WHICH IS IMPORTANT FOR MEETING THE DEADLINE OF THE RECORD DEAL DUE TO THE LABELS RIGHT TO REJECT THE MASTERS AND REQUEST THAT THE ARTIST RE-RECORD THE MUSIC OR NEW SONGS UNTIL ADEQUATE MASTERS CAN BE PRODUCED.

ACCOUNT SERVICING WHEN A SALESPERSON PAYS A SOCIAL VISIT TO A RETAILER IN ORDER TO SELL AND DELIVER PRODUCT, HELP SET UP P.O.P. MERCHANDISING DISPLAYS, RESTOCK DISPLAY BINS OR RACKS, ETC.

ACCOUNT STATED CLAUSE A PROVISION STATING THAT THE ARTIST WAIVES ANY OBJECTIONS TO THE LABELS SEMIANNUAL ROYALTY ACCOUNTINGS IF THEY FAIL TO COMPLAIN WITHIN TWO TO THREE YEARS FROM THE DATE THE ROYALTY STATEMENT WAS PROVIDED.

ACCOUNTING A GENERAL PROVISION REQUIRING THE LABEL TO SUPPLY THE ARTIST WITH DETAILED SUMMARIES OF THEIR FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS, SEMI-ANNUALLY FOR ARTIST ROYALTIES AND QUARTERLY FOR MECHANICAL ROYALTIES.

ACCOUNTING PERIOD - THE TIME, USUALLY WITHIN SIXTY-TO-NINETY DAYS AFTER SIX MONTH DURATIONS, SUCH AS JANUARY TO JUNE AND JULY TO DECEMBER, WHEN ALL ROYALTIES ARE ANALYZED AND PAID TO THE ARTIST OR FURNISHER.

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE (A/P) PAYMENTS, ROYALTIES, OR FEES OWED BY THE RECORD COMPANY TO ARTISTS, SONGWRITERS, PRODUCERS, CO-PUBLISHERS, ETC., FOR GOODS OR SERVICES RECEIVED.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (A/R) PAYMENTS, ROYALTIES, OR FEES OWED TO THE RECORD COMPANY FOR GOODS OR SERVICES THAT HAVE BEEN DELIVERED OR USED BUT NOT YET PAID FOR.

ACCRUAL BASED ACCOUNTING THE MOST COMMON METHOD OF RECORDING ROYALTY TRANSACTIONS FOR BIG BUSINESSES, WHICH REPORTS INCOME WHEN RECEIVED AND EXPENSES WHEN PAID OUT, INCLUDING ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND ACCOUNTS PAYABLE.

ACT OF GOD ANY EARTHQUAKE, FLOOD, RAGING STORM, OR OTHER NATURAL DISASTER THAT PREVENTS A PARTY FROM ACCOMPLISHING A DUTY THAT IS INDICATED IN THE CONTRACT, THEREFORE INTERFERING WITH THE PROGRESS OF THE OTHER PARTY.

ACTIVE INTEREST A FEATURE OF A 360 DEAL, IN WHICH THE ARTISTS RIGHTS ARE SHARED WITH, AND EXPLOITED BY THE RECORD LABEL.

ADDS (AKA ADD-ONS) - RECORDINGS THAT HAVE BEEN ADDED TO A RADIO STATIONS PLAYLIST OR A NEW ENTRY TO A CHART OF TOP-SELLING RECORDINGS.

ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT EITHER AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN A SONGWRITER, WHO RETAINS THE COPYRIGHTS, AND A PUBLISHER, WHO HANDLES ALL RELATED BUSINESS AFFAIRS, OR A CONTRACT IN WHICH A MAJOR-AFFILIATED PUBLISHER SIGNS OVER THE ADMINISTRATION RIGHTS TO A COPYRIGHT ADMINISTRATOR, SUCH AS A MAJOR PUBLISHER.

ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT - THE SECTION OF A MUSIC PUBLISHER THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR FILLING OUT THE COPYRIGHT FORMS, ISSUING LICENSES TO COPYRIGHT USERS TO USE A SONGWRITERS SONG, AND ROYALTY COLLECTIONS, ETC.

ADMINISTRATION FEE THE 5-15% OF THE COLLECTED COPYRIGHT OWNERS GROSS INCOME WHICH COMPENSATES THE ADMINISTRATOR.

ADMINISTRATION RIGHTS - THE LEGAL CLAIM TO ADMINISTER THE BUNDLE OF RIGHTS FOR A COPYRIGHT OWNER BY; REGISTERING COPYRIGHTS, LICENSING COPYRIGHTS, BOOKKEEPING, AND SONGPLUGGING, ETC.

ADVANCE A LOAN FROM THE RECORD LABEL TO THE ARTIST, BASED ON PROJECTED FUTURE EARNINGS, WHICH PAYS FOR RECORDING EXPENSES, LIVING EXPENSES, EQUIPMENT, TOUR SUPPORT, VIDEO PRODUCTION, ETC., THAT WILL BE RECOUPED WITH ROYALTIES EARNED FROM THE EXPLOITATION OF THE GOODS AND/OR SERVICES, IT PAID FOR.

ADVERTISING AGENCIES - COMPANIES THAT WORK ON ASSIGNMENT TO PRODUCE AD CAMPAIGNS FOR THEIR CLIENTS.

AIRLINE MUSIC - MUSIC FOR AIRCRAFT PASSENGERS TO LISTEN TO WITH HEADSETS DURING A FLIGHT.

ALBUM - THE TERM FOR THE EIGHT OR MORE SONGS PRODUCED AS A UNIT, WHICH CAN BE USED INTERCHANGEABLY WITH CD, LP, MP3, ETC.

ALBUM ARTWORK THE GRAPHICS, PHOTOGRAPHS, ILLUSTRATIONS, ETC., THAT MAKE UP THE ART ON THE PACKAGING FOR PHONORECORDS, FOR WHICH ARTISTS HAVE LIMITED BUT INCREASING INPUT ON.

ALBUM CYCLE - THE SPAN OF TIME FROM WHEN THE RECORDING OF AN ALBUM BEGINS, TO WHEN THE ADVERTISING OF IT ENDS.

ALBUM PACKAGING - MATERIALS FOR COMPRISING, CONTAINING, PROTECTING, AND/OR SHIPPING RECORDINGS IN ALL FORMATS.

ALBUM TOUR CYCLE A COMMON PROMOTIONAL PROCESS THAT CONSISTS OF SCHEDULING A TOUR THAT BEGINS WHEN A NEW ALBUM IS RELEASED AND ENDS EITHER ON THE DATE OF THE FINAL PERFORMANCE OR WHEN THE ARTIST STARTS RECORDING THE NEXT ALBUM.

ALL-IN ADVANCE AN ADVANCE FOR THE PRODUCER THAT INCLUDES THE MONEY NEEDED TO PRODUCE FINISHED MASTERS, WHICH ENCOURAGES THE PRODUCER TO EFFICIENTLY MANAGE THE RECORDING COSTS BECAUSE HE/SHE GETS TO KEEP ANY EXCESS MONEY LEFTOVER WHEN THE RECORDINGS ARE FINISHED AND CONVERSELY, OVERSPENDING ON RECORDING REDUCES THE PRODUCERS ROYALTY ADVANCE.

ALL-IN ROYALTY RATE EITHER A STANDARD INDUSTRY DEAL IN WHICH A TYPICAL ROYALTY RATE OF 3% OF THE PUBLISHED PRICE TO DEALERS IS PAID TO THE PRODUCER OUT OF THE ARTISTS ROYALTIES OR A ROYALTY PAID TO A PRODUCTION COMPANY THAT INCLUDES THE MONEY NEEDED TO PAY THE ARTIST, MIXER, AND ANY OTHER PERFORMERS OR PERSONNEL WHO CONTRIBUTED TO THE CREATION OF THE MASTERS.