John W. Santrock - Essentials of Life-Span Development

page i

Essentials of Life-Span Development

SEVENTH EDITION

John W. Santrock

University of Texas at Dallas

page ii

ESSENTIALS OF LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT

Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10121. Copyright 2022 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LWI 24 23 22 21

ISBN 978-1-265-35984-3

MHID 1-265-35984-9

Cover Image: Tim Macpherson/Cultura/Getty Images

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw Hill LLC, and McGraw Hill LLC does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.

mheducation.com/highered

page iii

Brief Contents

Tom Barlow Brown/SOPA Images/LightRocket/Getty Images

McGraw Hill Education Psychologys APA Documentation Style Guide

Victoria Blackie/Photodisc/Getty Images

Lane Oatey/Blue Jean Images/Getty Images

Andrew Caballero-Reynolds/AFP/Getty Images

page iv

Contents

StephaneHachey/E+/Getty Images

The Transition from Fetus to Newborn

page v

Learning, Remembering, and Conceptualizing

Tim Pannell/Mint Images/Getty Images

Body Growth and Change

Families

page vi

Reading

Hero Images/Getty Images

Summary

page vii

Stories of Life-Span Development: Dave Eggers, Pursuing a Career in the Face of Stress

Peter Cade/Photodisc/Getty Images

Love and Close Relationships

Physical Changes

page viii

Grandparenting

kali9/Getty Images

17 Death, Dying, and Grieving

McGraw Hill Education Psychologys APA Documentation Style Guide

page ix

How Would You?

Psychology Professions

Eye-tracking research, pg. 95

Encouraging language development, pg. 114

Effects of attachment in childhood, pg. 132

Parental versus nonparental child care, pg. 142

Universal preschool education, pg. 170

Coparenting, pg. 186

Autism spectrum disorders, pg. 211

Multiple intelligences versus general intelligence, pg. 221

Environmental influences on IQ, pg. 223

Social media and adolescent relationships, pg. 302

Dating in early adolescence, pg. 304

Depression in adolescents, pg. 313

Suicide prevention in adolescents, pg. 314

Exploring sexual orientations, pg. 329

Online relationships in young adulthood, pg. 346

Cohabitation before marriage, pg. 350

Same-sex relationships, pg. 355

Gender identity, pg. 361

Memory decline and training, pg. 376

Gender differences in response to stress, pg. 387

Personality factors and relationships, pg. 389

Adult children returning home, pg. 393

Neurogenesis, pg. 406

Fitness and quality of life in older adults, pg. 414

Executive function and healthy aging, pg. 419

Older adults as employees, pg. 425

Education Professions

Bronfenbrenners ecological theory, pg. 26

Generational differences, pg. 35

Child-care programs for infants, pg. 140

ZPD and scaffolding, pg. 154

Enhancing higher-level cognition, pg. 160

Developmentally appropriate education, pg. 168

Productive outcomes of play, pg. 199

Exercise and academic success, pg. 205

Learning disabilities and ADHD, pg. 207

Improving childrens metacognitive skills, pg. 217

Programs for gifted children, pg. 226

Improving self-esteem, pg. 236

Moral development and gender, pg. 241

Academic skills and gender, pg. 245

Rejected peers, pg. 251

Relationships among diverse students, pg. 258

Fixed and growth mindsets in students, pg. 261

Abstinence and contraception use, pg. 277

Transition to middle school, pg. 288

Ethnic identities in adolescence, pg. 297

Post-formal thought, pg. 332

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, pg. 334

Employment and college performance, pg. 338

Reminiscence therapy, pg. 432

Selection, optimization, and compensation, pg. 434

Benefits of volunteering, pg. 442

Stages of dying, pg. 452

Social Work Professions

Influence of nonnormative life events, pg. 6

Advocacy for older adults, pg. 11

Use of forethought in counseling, pg. 24

Risks during prenatal development, pg. 54

Preterm and low birth weight babies, pg. 71

Poverty and literacy, pg. 112

Temperament and goodness of fit, pg. 126

Nutrition for young children, pg. 148

Effects of parental smoking on small children, pg. 150