Patricia McKissack - Ida B. Wells-Barnett

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Table of Contents

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idA b. Wells-bArnett Fighter For Justice

Patricia and Fredrick McKissack

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IDA B. WELLS- BARNETT

FIGHTER FOR JUSTICE

Famous

African Americans

Patricia and Fredrick McKissack

an imprint of

Industrial Road Box Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922 USA

http: //www. enslow. com

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For Ann and Jerome Hamilton

Printed in the United States of America

092012 Lake Book Manufacturing, Inc. , Melrose Park, IL

Enslow Elementary, an imprint of Enslow Publishers, Inc.

Enslow Elementary is a registered trademark of Enslow Publishers, Inc.

To Our Readers: We have done our best to make sure all Internet addresses in this book were active and appropriate when we went to press. However, the author and the publisher have no control over and assume no liability for the material available on those Internet sites or on other Web sites they may link to. Any comments or suggestions can be sent by e-mail to comments@enslow. com or to the address on the back cover.

Copyright 2013 by Enslow Publishers, Inc.

All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without the written permission of the publisher.

Revised edition of Ida B. Wells-Barnett: A Voice Against Violence 1991

Every effort has been made to locate all copyright holders of material used in this book. If any errors or omissions have occurred, corrections will be made in future editions of this book.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

McKissack, Pat, 1944- McKissack, Pat, 1944- Ida B. Wellsbarnett : fighter for justice / Patricia and Fredrick McKissack. p. cm. ( Famous African Americans) Previously published: Berkeley Heights, NJ : Enslow Publishers, c2001. Summary: A simple biography about Ida B. Wells Barnett for early readers Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7660-4108-0 Wells-Barnett, Ida B. , 1862-1931 Juvenile literature. African American women civil rights workers Biography Juvenile literature. Civil rights workers United States Biography Juvenile literature. Journalists United States Biography Juvenile literature. African Americans Social conditions Juvenile literature. Lynching United States History Juvenile literature. United States Race relations Juvenile literature. I. McKissack, Fredrick. II. Title. E185. W55M37 2013 dc23 [ B] 2012019033

Enslow Publishers, Inc. , is committed to printing our books on recycled paper. The paper in every book contains 10% to 30% post- consumer waste ( PCW) . The cover board on the outside of each book contains 100% PCW. Our goal is to do our part to help young people and the environment too!

Words in bold type are are explained in Words to Know on page

Photo Credits: Department of Special Collections, University of Chicago Library, pp. 1, 3, 4, 10, 18,

Illustration Credits: Ned O. , pp. 7, 8, 10, 13,

Cover Photo: Department of Special Collections, University of Chicago Library

Series Consultant: Russell Adams, PhD

Emeritus Professor Afro-American Studies Howard University

Future editions: Paperback ISBN: 978-1-4644-0198-5 EPUB ISBN: 978-1-4645-1111-0 Single-User PDF ISBN: 978-1-4646-1111-7 Multi-User PDF ISBN: 978-0-7660-5740-1

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CONTENTS

FEVER!

FIRST FIGHT FOR FREEDOM

VIOLENCE

THE STRUGGLE AGAINST VIOLENCE

NO MORE LYNCHING!

WORDS TO KNOW

LEARN MORE ( BOOKS AND INTERNET ADDRESSES)

INDEX

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Ida B. Wells loved to write when she was young. When she grew up, she wrote about equal rights and unfair laws.

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chapter

Fever!

The Civil War ended in 1865, and so did slavery in America. Jim and Lizzie Wells were freed. So was their threeyearold daughter, Ida. The family lived in Holly Springs, Mississippi. Seven more children were born.

Ida was sent to school. Learning was easy for her. She liked to read, but writing was more fun. She made her parents proud. Besides being smart, Ida Wells grew into a pretty girl with honeybrown skin. She was also loving and kind.

Then came the fever! Yellow fever was a killer disease. There was no cure at that time. Many good people died in Holly Springs. Jim and Lizzie were among them. So was their baby son.

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Ida was just sixteen years old. Their Holly Springs neighbors wanted to take the children to live with them. But Ida kept her family together. They lived in the house her parents left for them. She got a job as a country school teacher to earn money.

The next year, Ida let other family members take the children. Ida moved to Memphis, Tennessee, and got another job teaching there.

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Ida got a job teaching children to earn money for her family.

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Ida was told to change seats on the train because she was black.

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chapter

FIrst FIght For Freedom

After the Civil War, laws were passed that protected the rights of all Americans regardless of color. Blacks had the same rights as whites. They rode in train cars together, sat together in public places, and shared the same public drinking fountains. But by 1878, laws began to change.

Ida taught in a oneroom schoolhouse near Memphis. She rode the train into town at the end of each week.

One day Ida bought a train ticket to Memphis. She sat in the front car. The conductor told Ida to move to the car where men who smoked rode. It was called a smoker car.

Why? She was black. For many years, it was against the law to make people sit in separate cars because of their color. Ida did not know that this law had changed. She would not move. The conductor took her arm. She bit him. He called for help. Another man came. They picked Ida up and made her move.

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