S. Behnaz Hosseini - Women and Suicide in Iran: Law, Marriage and Honour-Killing

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Women and Suicide in Iran

Drawing on feminist theory, as well as theory surrounding the correlation between poverty and suicide, this study explores the increased rate of suicide among women in western Iran. Based on empirical research, including interviews with women from the Kurdish region of the country, the author considers the marginalisation of Kurdish populations in Iran, the suppression of their rights, and violence against women in its various forms. With attention to family violence, such as direct physical or sexual assault, psychological bullying, or through practices such as forced marriage or honour killings, the author also considers the political nature of such violence, as certain violent practices are enshrined in the Iranian constitution and legitimised in jurisprudential practice. A study of gendered violence and its effects, Women and Suicide in Iran will be of interest to scholars working in the fields of Sociology, Criminology, and Middle Eastern Studies with interests in violence, gender, and suicide.

S. Behnaz Hosseini is a Visiting research fellow in Centre for Studies in Religion & Society, University of Victoria in Canada and an Honorary Fellow in the Center for Research on Gender and Women at the University of Wisconsin College.

Routledge Research in Gender and Society

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Edited by Lucas Gottzn, Margunn Bjrnholt, and Floretta Boonzaier

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Selina Gallo-Cruz

Multiple Gender Cultures, Sociology, and Plural Modernities

Re-reading Social Constructions of Gender across the Globe in a Decolonial Perspective

Edited by Heidemarie Winkel and Angelika Poferl

Women of Faith and the Quest for Spiritual Authenticity

Comparative Perspectives from Malaysia and Britain

Sara Ashencaen Crabtree

The Genealogy of Modern Feminist Thinking

Feminist Thought as Historical Present

Ingeborg W. Owesen

Women and Suicide in Iran

Law, Marriage and Honour-Killing

S. Behnaz Hosseini

For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Research-in-Gender-and-Society/book-series/SE0271

Women and Suicide in Iran

Law, Marriage and Honour-Killing

S. Behnaz Hosseini

First published 2022

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2022 S. Behnaz Hosseini

The right of S. Behnaz Hosseini to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Hosseini, S. Behnaz, author.

Title: Women and suicide in Iran : law, marriage and honour-killing / S. Behnaz Hosseini.

Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge Books, 2022. |

Series: Routledge research in gender and society | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021018128 (print) | LCCN 2021018129 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032073347 (hbk) | ISBN 9781032077253 (pbk) | ISBN 9781003208501 (ebk)

Subjects: LCSH: Suicide--Iran. | Women--Suicidal behavior. | Women--Violence against.

Classification: LCC HV6548.I7 H67 2022 (print) | LCC HV6548.I7 (ebook) | DDC 362.28082--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021018128

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021018129

ISBN: 978-1-032-07334-7 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-032-07725-3 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-1-003-20850-1 (ebk)

DOI: 10.4324/9781003208501

Typeset in Times New Roman

by MPS Limited, Dehradun

Contents

Acknowledgements

Preface

Traditional society and violence against women

Honour killings and the rule of Islamic law

Child marriage and its consequences: poverty, addiction, and divorce

Marriage and life after divorce: caught between tradition, poverty, and suicide

References

Index

This book is based on research conducted on the Kurdish women in Iran between 2017 and 2020. I am grateful to a number of friends and colleagues for encouraging me to start this work, persevere with it, and finally publish it. In Iran, I thank Saedeh Dehnavi for academic support and fieldwork in Kurdistan. I visited Iran in 2017 and interviewed people in most of the cities in the Kurdish region. I am so grateful to the women and families who agreed to share their stories with me, and I hope I will help to list each of their voices.

In the Oxford and during my fellowship at FRSG group in Anthropology department at Oxford University, I am grateful to my professors, Philip Kreger and Soraya Tremayne, for their advice and support during the finalization of this project. I am also grateful to my colleague Ourania Roditi, who has read and commented on several chapters.

Completion of this book has been a lonely and painstaking process. The acute sensitivity of the subject, lack of sufficient resources, hesitancy and fear of the people during interview, and misinformation and false rumours emanating from Iranian officials and their opponents made it more difficult.

My research was funded by a small grant with JIWS in the USA.

I would like to thank H Sonderprojekt for their support with publication.

In 2017 I was requested by the Dutch Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) to give an expert report on a sensitive case: namely, whether there was any reasonable justification for a 16-year-old girl not to report an honour crime to the Iranian authorities, that is, an attempt on her life by her father. While the Dutch Immigration Service did not dispute that a crime was committed against my client and her now dead sister, she was denied asylum in the Netherlands. The IND stated that, while it understood the difficulty women have when going to the police to report domestic violence in countries such as Iran, it is not impossible to do so. This crime was so heinousthe client was heavily burnt and her sister killedthat the IND found it incomprehensible that she did not go to the police.

That girl is now a 22-year-old woman. She is Kurdish-Iranian from the city of Sarpol-e Zahab in Kermanshah, and she and her family belong to the Ahl-e aqq (Yarsan) religion. She was born in 1997 and the crime was committed on 30 or 31 October 2013, when she was just 16. A paternal uncle of my client had proposed to her father that the girl should marry his son (my clients cousin). Although her father agreed, the young girl refused because the groom-to-be was too old, and she was in love with somebody else. She did not, however, tell her father about her boyfriend, a student she knew from school.

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