John Traynor - Mastering Modern United States History

Mastering

Modern United States History

Macmillan Master Series

Accounting

Accounting Skills

Advanced English Language

Advanced Pure Mathematics

Arabic

Basic Management

Biology

British Politics

Business Communication

Business Environment

C Programming

C++ Programming

Chemistry

COBOL Programming

Communication

Computing

Counselling Skills

Counselling Theory

Customer Relations

Database Design

Delphi Programming

Desktop Publishing

e-Business

Economic and Social History

Economics

Electrical Engineering

Electronics

Employee Development

English Grammar

English Language

English Literature

Fashion Buying and Merchandising Management

Fashion Marketing

Fashion Styling

Financial Management

Geography

Global Information Systems

Human Resource Management

International Trade

Internet

Java

Language of Literature

Management Skills

Marketing Management

Mathematics

Microsoft Office

Microsoft Windows, Novell NetWare and UNIX

Modern British History

Modern European History

Modern German History

Modern United States History

Modern World History

The Novels of Jane Austen

Organisational Behaviour

Pascal and Delphi Programming

Personal Finance

Philosophy

Physics

Poetry

Practical Criticism

Practical Grammar

Psychology

Public Relations

Shakespeare

Social Welfare

Sociology

Statistics

Strategic Management

Systems Analysis and Design

Team Leadership

Theology

Twentieth-Century Russian History

Visual Basic

World Religions

https://www.macmillanihe.com/series/Palgrave-Master-Series-Languages/14073/

Mastering

Modern United States History

2nd edition

John Traynor

John Traynor, under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2019

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission.

No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

First edition 2001

This edition first published 2019 by

RED GLOBE PRESS

Red Globe Press in the UK is an imprint of Springer Nature Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW.

Red Globe Press is a registered trademark in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.

ISBN 9780230372245 paperback

This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

Dedication

To Harrison, Evie, Madison, Stanley and Amelie

Contents

List of Tables

List of Presidential Profiles

List of Great American Lives

Acknowledgements

It has taken a long time for me to complete the second edition of this book and as the time taken has grown, so too has the number of people I need to thank. This is a work of synthesis in which I have tried to reflect the debates and interpretations raised by new research into the United States in the twentieth century. I would like to acknowledge the historians whose work is reflected in these pages. Dr Louisa Hotson of Oxford University read my manuscript in its entirety and I am very grateful to her for the valuable suggestions and constructive advice she provided at that time. My friend Martin Griggs, also an historian, read several of the early chapters and again provided excellent advice. At Palgrave, I need to say a big thank you to Suzannah Burywood a long-time supporter of my work and Helen Caunce who has been a great source of encouragement and advice.

I would also like to thank Heather Duggan, Head Teacher at Archbishop Blanch School in Liverpool, for giving me the opportunity to teach some of the fantastic students at her school. My GCSE and A Level groups were full of outstanding young people and it was a joy to teach them as well as to take a group of them on a history trip to Berlin and Poland where their interest and enthusiasm was great to see. The History Department at ABS, ably led by Rob Clarke, supported by Paul Wainwright, Daniel Pearson and John Butcher was a really brilliant place of work.

Away from directly writing the book I need to thank some other people who have helped me so much in important ways. Firstly, Dr Aparna Rao, Dr Peter Finigan and Melanie Taylor whose care and professionalism have been first class. Secondly, Anne Coles, David Jacobs and Simon Milton provided tremendous advice and expertise. Mike, Kevin and Sue also offered amazing support.

I would like to thank The Lakes Boys Robert Furlong, Lee Hopkins, Jon Howarth, Graham Ivory, David Kereszteny-Lewis, Adrian Moulding and Andrew Sharples for their fantastic friendship. I also need to thank Graham Clark, Jamie Goodfellow and Eric Wilmot still friends from our days together at Sheffield University.

While I have been working on this project my daughter Hannah got married and so I would like to say to Hannah and Matty Hughes and my son Patrick how proud I am of you and your achievements. Most of all, I would like to thank my wife Linda for all of her love and patience and the practical support, typing and organisation she has brought to this project.

Extracts from Dear America: Letters Home From Vietnam have been reproduced with kind permission of The New York Vietnam Veterans Memorial Commission.

JOHN TRAYNOR,

April 2018

I The beginning of the American twentieth century: 190020

1.1 Introduction A simpler age

Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens) was a man of letters, a humourist without parallel, regarded by many as the finest American writer of the nineteenth century. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, published in 1876, evoked magical memories of Clemens own childhood. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) was his masterpiece, the great American novel. He began the first draft of his autobiography in 1877. In so doing, Mark Twain evoked a picture of an age that now seems long gone.